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"Hadron and Nuclear Physics in Europe: Tools for the Future "

Explore the current and future facilities, experiments, and physics results in the fields of hadron and nuclear physics in Europe. Get insights on electromagnetic and hadronic probes, hadron structure and dynamics, and nuclear physics hardware.

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"Hadron and Nuclear Physics in Europe: Tools for the Future "

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  1. "Hadron and Nuclear Physics in Europe: Tools for the Future" Forschungszentrum Jülich in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Hans Ströher, IKP, FZJ, Germany

  2. Organization • Germany:„Komitee für Hadronen- und Kernphysik“ (KHuK) • Gisela Anton (Univ. Erlangen) • Peter Braun-Munzinger (GSI, Univ. Darmstadt) • Dietrich Habs (LMU Munich) Hartmut Backe (Univ. Mainz) • Fritz Klein (Univ. Bonn) Kai Königsmann (Univ. Freiburg) • Reiner Krücken (TU Munich) Volker Metag (Univ. Giessen) • Horst Lenske (Univ. Giessen Thomas Walcher (Univ. Mainz) • Hans Ströher (FZJ, Univ. Cologne) • W. Weise (TU Munich) • Europe:“Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee” • (NuPECC)–An Expert Committee for the ESF • Claude Amsler (Zürich, Switzerland) Mark Huyse (Leuven, Belgium) • Christoph Bargholtz (Stockholm, Sweden) Jerzy Jastrzebski (Warsaw, Poland) • Tullio Bressani (Turn, Italy) Rauno Julin (Jyväskylä, Finland) • Jan Dobes (Rez, Czech Republik) Attila Krashnahorkay (Debrecen, Hungary) • Ana Maia Eiro (Lisbon, Prtugal) Hartmut Leeb (Vienna, Austria) • Graciano Fortuna (Legnaro, Italy) Mario Lazano (Sevilla, Spain) • Brian Fulton (York, UK) Gunnar Lovhoiden (Oslo, Norway) • Dominique Goutte (Caen, France) Karsten Riisager (Aarhus, Denmark) • Daniel Guerreau (Paris, France) Günter Rosner (Glasgow, UK) • Dominique Guillemaud-Mueller (Orsay, France) Hans Ströher (Jülich, Germany) • Muhsin Harakeh (KVI, Groningen, NL) Gerard van der Steenhoven (Amsterdam, NL) • Walter Henning (Darmstadt, Germany) Thomas Walcher (Mainz, Germany)

  3. Europe EU (15) … until April`04

  4. Europe I3HP EURONS Area (EU 15): ~ p x 106 km2 (EU 25): 1.25 p(US): ~ p2 Population (EU 15): 378 million (EU 25): 455 (US): 291 20 (official) languages

  5. Outline • Existing facilities:Status and Future • Hadron Physics • Nuclear (Structure) Physics • New facilities:Status and Time Schedule • ALICE • FAIR • FRM II • SPIRAL-2 • EURISOL

  6. Hadron Physics – Hardware Overview • Electromagnetic probes: • MAMI (Mainz, Germany) • ELSA (Bonn, Germany) • DAFNE (Frascati, Italy) • HERMES (DESY, Germany)- COMPASS (CERN) • Hadronic probes: • - CELSIUS (Uppsala, Sweden) • - COSY (Jülich, Germany) • GSI (Darmstadt, Germany) • COMPASS (CERN) +

  7. MAMI (Mainz, Germany) • Status: MAMI B (Ee ~855 MeV) • Future:Upgrade: DSM; MAMI C (Ee ~ 1500 MeV) First beam: 1/2006; Start full program: 6/2007

  8. ELSA (Bonn, Germany) • Status: Ee ~ 3.5 GeV • Future:No major upgrade foreseen

  9. Some physics … • Hadron structure and dynamics: SpectroscopyEvolution of hadron picture Form factors Shape of nucleon / D

  10. Some physics results… • Hadron structure and dynamics: GDH Sum Rule Nucleon Form Factors p(e, e´p) MAMI ELSA MAMI

  11. DAFNE (Frascati, Italy) • Status: Ee = 2 x 0.51 GeV (collider  F-production) • LDesign ~ 5 x 1032 cm-2 s-1 • Future:Upgradeideas: • - Super-DAFNE (L) • - DAFNE-2 (E)

  12. DEAR • DAFNE (Frascati, Italy) • Experiments:

  13. Some physics … Exotic atoms Hypernuclei 6.48 keV

  14. Some physics results… • Hadron structure and dynamics: Kaonic Hydrogen Hypernuclei PreliminaryDEAR-result Candidate event in FINUDA

  15. HERMES (DESY, Hamburg, Germany) • Status: Ee = 27.5 GeV (polarized); pol. gas target • Future: PETRA, thus HERMES, will stop middle of 2007 • converted into sync light facility

  16. COMPASS (at CERN) • Status: Eµ = 100 - 190 GeV/c • p,K,p; E = 80 - 300 GeV/c; polarized target • Future: CERN accelerators shut down during 2005 • COMPASS should continue in 2006 (council)

  17. Some physics … • Structure of hadrons: Nucleon spin structure (i.p. gluon contribution), spectroscopy Proton spin puzzle Quark distribution functions

  18. Some physics results… • Hadron structure and dynamics: Gluon polarization First HERMES-result

  19. CELSIUS at TSL (Uppsala, Sweden) • Status: Ep ~ 1.6 GeV • Future:CELSIUS will terminate operation summer 2005

  20. COSY (FZ-Jülich, Germany) • Status: Ep ~ 2.8 GeV (3.7 GeV/c) • Future: Accelerator: High energy (2 MV) e-Cooler • Detectors:Transfer WASAto COSY

  21. Some physics results… • Hadron structure and dynamics: Proton-proton cross-sections q+ (1540) COSY results TOF at COSY  Parity determination (Axx)

  22. Some physics … • Hadron structure and dynamics: (w/ WASA at COSY) Symmetries and symmetry breaking p°  2g I=0 0 1 d f0 a0 h  2g, 6g a d I=0 0 Rare decays (of h´) pp  pp h´ L = 1032 cm-2 s-1 s (3.35 GeV/c) ~ 300 nb

  23. GSI (Darmstadt, Germany) • Status:Pion, proton, heavy ion beams • Future:Ongoing upgrades of HADES and FOPI

  24. Some physics … • Hadron structure and dynamics: Chiral symmetry (restoration) NN interaction (small distance) Exotic atoms

  25. Yamazaki et al., PLB 418 (98) 246 • Some physics results… • Hadron structure and dynamics: • pp elastic scattering Deeply bound pionic states EDDA (COSY) FRS (GSI)

  26. Nuclear Physics – Hardware Overview • Stable beams: • … (still) many ! • Short lived (exotic, radioactive) beams: • CYCLONE (Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium) • TRIµP (KVI,Groningen, The Netherlands) • REX-ISOLDE (CERN) • SPIRAL (GANIL, France) • GSI (Darmstadt, Germany)

  27. CYCLONE (Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium) • Status:30MeV (200mA) proton beam to produce RIBs and accelerate them with a K=110 cyclotron to 0.65-5 A MeV; first RIB (19N3+) was accelerated in 12/1999 • Future:No major upgradeplans

  28. TRIµP (* (KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands) • Status: Radioactive beams; facility currently being built • … produce (AGOR), select (separator), collect, hold & manipulate (traps) radioactive nuclei • (* Trapped Radioactive Isotopes Micro-Labs for Fundamental Physics • Future: Intermediate term program, no further plans yet

  29. ISOLDE (CERN) • Status: 1.2 GeV p on 238U  fission fragment separation • Future:Energy upgrade of post-accelerator (4.3 MeV/u)

  30. SPIRAL (GANIL, France) • Status:Operational since 9/2001 • Heavy ion beams from GANIL cylotrons (50-95 AMeV)  fragmentation (C-target)  ionization in ion source  injection and acceleration in cylotron (1.7-25 AMeV) • Future:Proposal forSPIRAL-2 (see below)

  31. GSI (Darmstadt, Germany) • Status:In flight facility (SIS+FRS), storage ring (ESR) • Future:Ongoing upgrades(intensity) • (and:FAIR; see below)

  32. Some physics … • Structure and dynamics of nuclei: (Dubna)

  33. The NEWFacilities - Overview • ALICE(LHC, CERN) • FAIR (GSI, Darmstadt, Germany) • FRM II (Garching, Munich, Germany) • SPIRAL-2 (GANIL, Caen, France) • EURISOL (?)

  34. The NEWFacilities (I) • ALICE(ALarge Ion Collider Experiment): • - Heavy ion experiment at the LHC of CERN • - Projected start of experiments is 2007

  35. ALICE Physics Search for and investigation of the QGP:

  36. The NEW Facilities (II) • An“International Accelerator Facility for Beams of Ions and Antiprotons”: • - top priority of german hadron and nuclear physics community (KHuK-report of 9/2002) and NuPECC • - favourable evaluation by highest german science • committee (“Wissenschaftsrat” in 2002) • - funding decision from german government in • 2/2003 – staging and at least 25% foreign funding • - to be build at GSI Darmstadt; • should be finished in > 2011 (depending on start) • FAIR • (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research)

  37. FAIR (GSI, Darmstadt, Germany) SIS 100/300 • Proton linac (injector) - 2 synchrotons (30 GeV p) - A number of storage rings •  Parallel beams operation

  38. FAIR Fields of research: a) Structure and dynamics of nuclei – Radioactive beams Super-FRS b) Hadron structure and quark-gluon dynamics – Antiprotons(<15 GeV) HESR, PANDA c) Nuclear matter and quark gluon plasma – Relativistic nuclear beams  CBM d)Plasma physics - Pulsed ion beams + high power laser e) Atomic physics - Highly charged ions  NESR Recent call for LoI: ASSIA, CBM, FLAIR, PANDA, PAX, … (can be downloaded from the GSI web-site: www.gsi.de)

  39. FAIR a) Super-FRS: Radioactive beams Projectile fragmentation and fission (Br-DE-Br method)

  40. FAIR Physics (I) … with in-flight radioactive beams (at Super-FRS): a)Low-energy branch: - a, b, g decay spectroscopy - g spectroscopy (AGATA) - laser spectroscopy - trap experiments b)High-energy branch: - knockout reactions - (p,n) reactions - electromagnetic excitations - fission, (multi-)fragmentation, spallation c)Ring branch: - mass, lifetime measurements - scattering of light hadronic probes - electron scattering (ELISE)

  41. FAIR b) HESR (and PANDA): Antiproton beams Momentum range: p = 1.5 – 15 GeV/c 5x1010 stored antiprotons PANDA

  42. FAIR Physics (II) • … with cooled internal antiproton beamsat HESR: • Charmonium spectroscopy • Gluonic excitations (charmed hybrids, glueballs) • Charm in Nuclei • (Double) Hypernuclei • GPD´s from pp_bar annihilation • D meson spectroscopy • CP violation in strange and charm sector •  Key observables: Charmonium, D mesons

  43. FAIR c) CBM-detector (nuclear collisions): Moderate temperatures and very high baryon densities (5-10 r0) New detector HADES

  44. FAIR Physics (III) • … with nucleon-nucleon collisionsat CBM: • In-medium properties of hadrons • Chiral and deconfinement phase transition at high rB • Critical point of strongly interacting matter • Nuclear equation-of-state at high densities • New states of matter at highest baryon densities • Key observables: r, w, f, Charmonium, D mesons, multi-strange baryons, direct photons

  45. The NEWFacilities (III) • The “Forschungsneutronenquelle Garching FRM II”: • - Neutron source (fission reactor) • - Long political discussions (fuel HEU) • - Built in Garching near Munich (Germany) … went critical on March 2, 2004 – power: 15 MW

  46. FRM II Mini-D2 UCN source : - A UCN density of about 104 n/cm3 builds up in the storage tube within a few minutes. - Operated in continuous mode the source will provide a UCN flux of about 5×105 n/cm2s. Solid D2 converter

  47. FRM II Physics … with ultracold neutrons at FRM II: Neutron lifetime

  48. FRM II Radioactive beams via neutron-induced fission: - MAFF(Munich Accelerator for fission fragments) 1014 fissions/s - MAFF II: post-acceleration (up to 5.9 MeV/u); requires additional building

  49. The NEW Facilities (IV) • Spiral-2 (Proposal): • - RIB (ISOL); SC linac (d, 40 MeV, 5mA) as “driver” • post-acceleration by (existing) cyclotron • - 1013 (n-induced) fissions/s on depleted U-target • - Note: also intense flux of 14 MeV neutrons • - timeline: ~ 2008 see: www.ganil.fr

  50. The NEWFacilities (V) • EURISOL (… the next generation European RIB facility) ISOL-principle

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