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Mastering Critical Thinking: A Guide to Enhance Analysis and Logic

Explore the definitions, history, and universal standards of critical thinking. Learn skills like critical listening, reading, and writing to improve your cognitive abilities. Identify common fallacies and enhance your logical reasoning for better decision-making.

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Mastering Critical Thinking: A Guide to Enhance Analysis and Logic

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO CRITICAL THINKING

  2. CRITICAL THINKING • Definitions • History of Critical Thinking (CT) • Universal Standards • Fallacies

  3. DEFINITIONS • Critical Listening:Listening to maximize the accurate understanding of what others say.

  4. DEFINITIONS • Critical Reading:An active, intellectually engaged process of reading, interpreting and understanding text.

  5. DEFINITIONS • Critical Writing:Arranging our ideas in a logical order to express ourselves in a disciplined manner.

  6. DEFINITIONS • Critical Thinking:The art of thinking about your thinking while you are thinking in order to make your thinking better.

  7. HISTORY • The Beginning: Socrates • Early Years: Plato, Aristotle and other Greek philosophers • Middle Ages: Francis Bacon • Today: Albert Einstein, Mark Twain, Harry Houdini and Carl Sagan

  8. LOGIC RELEVANCE ACCURACY CLARITY UNIVERSAL STANDARDS Does this really make sense? How does itaffect the issue? How can wecheck that out? Give mean example.

  9. FALLACIES • What is it? An argument that appears sound, at first glance, but contains a flaw in reasoning which makes it unsound.

  10. FALLACIES • Burden of Proof (a.k.a. Appeal to Ignorance) • Two Wrongs Make a Right

  11. FALLACIES • Hasty Generalization • Post Hoc Reasoning

  12. FALLACIES • Band Wagon (a.k.a. peer pressure) • Guilt by Association

  13. CRITICAL THINKING • Definitions • History of Critical Thinking (CT) • Universal Standards • Fallacies

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