Ultra-Large-Scale Systems Seven Years after the Study

1. ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CÔNG NGHỆ Ultra-Large-Scale SystemsSeven Years after the Study Thầy giáo:PGS.TS Nguyễn Ngọc Bình Học viên thực hiện – Nhóm 11: 1. Nguyễn Xuân Hậu 2. Nguyễn Xuân Tùng 3. Hồ Văn Tuấn

2. Nội dung trìnhbày • 1. Giớithiệuvềcáchệthốngsiêulớn (Ultra-Large-Scale Systems) • 2. Cácđặctínhcủacáchệthốngsiêulớn (Ultra-Large-Scale) • 3. Nhữngtháchthức • 4. Lĩnhvựcnghiêncứu • 5. Kếtluận

3. SEVEN YEARS AGO

5. Thếnàolàmộthệthốngsiêulớn (ULS)? A ULS System has unprecedented scale in some of these dimensions: • lines of code • amount of data stored, accessed, manipulated, and refined • number of connections and interdependencies • number of hardware elements • number of computational elements • number of system purposes and user perception of these purposes • number of routine processes, interactions, and “emergent behaviors” • number of (overlapping) policy domains and enforceable mechanisms • number of people involved in some way • ….. ULS systems are interdependent webs of software-reliant systems, people, policies, cultures, and economics.

6. Cácđặctínhcủacáchệthốngsiêulớn (Ultra-Large-Scale) • Decentralization • Inherently conflicting, unknowable, and diverse requirements • Heterogeneous, inconsistent, and changing elements • Erosion of the people/system boundary • Normal failures • New paradigms for acquisition and policy

7. Decentralization • Data • Development • Evolution • Operational control • Communication

8. Decentralized data

9. Decentralized development • Linux – a Unix-Based operating system open source movement philosophy contribute to the open • Apache — a leading server software and scripting language on the web source community by voluntarily writing and exchanging • MySQL — a database management system programming code for software • PHP — a widely used open source general- development. purpose scripting language Open Source Movement Programmer who support open source movement philosophy contribute to the open source community by voluntarily writing and exchanging programming code for software development

10. Decentralized communication Skype is the largest telephone company in the world but has almost no centralized infrastructure

11. Decentralized controller Input Output LARGE-SCALE SYSTEM un u1 . . . Controller 1 Controller n y1 yn

12. Inherently conflicting, unknowable, and diverse requirements • ULS systems will be developed and used by a wide variety of stakeholders with unavoidably different, conflicting, complex, and changing needs.

13. 3. Nhữngtháchthức • ThiếtkếvàTiếnhóa • Điềuphốivàkiểmsoát • Giámsátvàđánhgiá “There are challenges associated with ULS systems that today’s perspectives are very unlikely to be able to address.”

14. ThiếtkếvàTiếnhóa • Kinhtếvàcơcấungànhcôngnghiệp (industry structure) • Hoạtđộngxãhộiđểxâydựngmôitrườngtínhtoán • Vấnđềpháplý (Legal issues) • Enforcement mechanisms and processes • Definition of common services supporting the ULS system • Rules and regulations • Agility • Handling of change • Integration • User-controlled evolution • Computer-supported evolution • Adaptable structure • Emergent quality

15. Điềuphốvàkiểmsoát • Online modification • Maintenance of quality of service • Creation and execution of policies and rules • Adaptation to users and contexts • Enabling of user-controlled orchestration

16. Giámsátvàđánhgiá • Defining the indicators • Understanding why indicators change • Prioritizing the indicators • Handling change and imperfect information • Gauging the human elements

17. Research Portfolio Human Interaction Computational Emergence Design Computational Engineering Adaptive System Infrastructure Adaptable and Predictable System Quality Policy, Acquisition, and Management

18. SEVEN YEARS LATER