ALCOHOL , Tobacco & DRUGS

HEALTH EDUCATION UNIT # 11 ALCOHOL, Tobacco & DRUGS

Psychoactive drug: • Is a chemical substance that acts on the brain, affecting a person’s mind and behavior. • Depressant: • A drug that slows the central nervous system. • Gateway Drug: • A psychoactive substance that leads to the use of other drugs. • Alcoholism: • A disease in which a person has a physical and psychological dependence on alcohol. • Tolerance: • Reduced sensitivity to a drug as a result of regular use. What is ALCOHOL?

Peer pressure Family Media Messages Depression Stress A way to rebel what Factors that influence alcohol use?

The amount of alcohol in a person’s blood expressed as a %. AGG-DWI = Aggravated Driving While Intoxicated (.18 or higher) DWI = Driving While Intoxicated (.08) DWAI = Driving While Ability Impaired (.05 - .07) NO TOLERANCE LAW – anyone under 21 can not have any level of alcohol in their system. What is Blood alcohol content (BAC)?

Body weight Body fat % Age Gender Food consumption Amount, kind & rate of alcohol consumed Tolerance of alcohol Presence of other drugs in bloodstream What factors influence Bac?

One-half ounce of alcohol is considered one drink of alcohol • Beer – contains about 4% alcohol. • Wine – contains about 12% - 14% alcohol. • Liquor – contains about 40% alcohol.

Proof: measure of alcohol content that is two times the percent of alcohol. 80 proof = 40 % alcohol Binge Drinking: Drinking five or more alcohol drinks in one sitting. Hazing Activity: Activity in which a person is forced to participate in a dangerous or demeaning act to become a member of a club or group. Alcohol poisoning: Severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose. Effects: Mental confusion, inability to be roused, slow respiration, irregular heartbeat, low body temp., vomiting, seizures. Proof:

Social Drinker: • Someone who consumes an average of one drink per day, or may not drink everyday. • Drinks at social occasions (parties, weddings, family gatherings). • Knows their limit. • Moderate Drinker: • No more than one drink a day for women, and no more than two drinks a day for men. • Use alcohol regularly but can stop if they want to. • Knows their limit. Types of drinking behaviors

Heavy Drinker: • Someone who consumes more than two drinks a day. • Uses alcohol as a crutch. • Difficulty limiting their drinks. • Experience discomfort w/o alcohol. • May experience blackouts. • Suffer withdrawal symptoms w/o alcohol. Types of drinking behaviors

Lesson # 2 Alcohol continued

Drinking alone • Hiding alcohol from friends and family • Relying on alcohol for stressful situations • Drinking at unusual times • Drinking to get drunk every time you drink • Experience blackouts • Missing work or school • Feeling guilty for drinking Identify Problem Drinking:

Effects family friends and co-workers. Increase in alcohol relates accidents, violence and crime. Increase medical and insurance and costs. Physical and psychological problems of those who suffer as victim of an alcoholic parent. Increase of domestic violence. how does Alcohol effect our society?

Short term Long term Nervous System: • Brain: vision and speech blurred, coordination impaired, sensations and perception are less clear, • Memory: thought process disorganized, memory and concentration dulled • Judgment: reflexes sluggish, inhibitions reduced Cardiovascular System: • Heart: heart and blood pressure increase • Blood Vessels: blood flow to skin increase, body temp decreases Digestive System: • Stomach: increase stomach acids (inc. nausea and vomiting) • Liver: chemicals cause inflammation and scarring • Kidneys: inc. urine output leading to dehydration Respiratory System: • Lungs: inc. carbon dioxide • Breathing: decreases breathing Nervous System: • Brain: Loss of function, damage, brain reduction, loss of brain cells Cardiovascular System: • Heart: heart damage, enlarged • Blood Vessels: Increased blood pressure, can cause heart attack and stroke Digestive System: • Stomach: lining damaged, stomach ulcers, cancer • Liver: cirrhosis (scarring) • Pancreas: infection due to blockage of small intestines, cancer Respiratory System: • Lungs: cancer • Breathing: decreases breathing What would happen to a person in the Short long term effects of alcohol on the body? (page 414)

Urination Vomiting Breathing Sweating Feces Ways the body excretes alcohol:

Lesson # 3 Tobacco

Cigarettes Cigars Pipes Smokeless Tobacco WHAT ARE TYPES OF TOBACCO USE?

Stimulant Nicotine Tobacco Carcinogen Tar Carbon Monoxide Emphysema Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Smokeless Tobacco Define the following terms using your text on page 425-429:

Stimulant: A drug that increases the CNS, heart and other organs. • Nicotine: The addictive drug found in tobacco leaves, raises BP,& HR. • Tar: A thick sticky dark fluid produces when tobacco burns, destroys cilia, damages alveoli ( air sacs), destroys lung tissue. • Carbon Monoxide: Colorless, odorless, poisonous gas, replaces oxygen in blood, deprives tissues and cells of oxygen. VOCABULARY

Tobacco: Plant that contains nicotine. Carcinogen: A chemical that is known to cause cancer. Emphysema: Condition in which the alveoli lose most of their ability to function. Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Disease that interferes with breathing. Smokeless Tobacco: Tobacco that is chewed or snorted, but not smoked VOCABULARY

Short Term effects of tobacco use: Long term effects of tobacco use: • Changes in brain chemistry: withdrawal symptoms (headaches, nervousness, and trembling as soon as 30 minutes after his/her tobacco use). • Increased respiration and heart rate. • Dulled taste buds and reduced appetite. • Chronic bronchitis • Emphysema • Lung cancer • Coronary heart disease • Stroke • ** Tobacco leading cause of deaths due to cancer in the US • **Hard to detect because the symptoms are similar to a smoker What would happen to a person in the Short & long term effects of tobacco use on the body?

Try to quit with a friend or friends • Solicit support from family and friends • Remind yourself of the benefits of quitting (physical, mental & financial) • During the 1st week avoid caffeine • Take warm shower or bath in morning and at night for the first 4 to 5 days • Try doing vigorous exercise to reduce the craving for tobacco • Avoid being around people who smoke • Change routine associate with the times you use tobacco • Put aside money or reward yourself when you do not use tobacco • Use positive coping techniques to relieve stress • Throw out your cigarettes, lighter, and ashtrays • Chew Juicy Fruit instead (It tastes better) • Keep a list of why you want to stop Class discussion: Explain how these strategies could help a smoker kick the habit

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) or secondhand smoke: • Air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke. • Mainstream smoke: • The smoke exhaled from the lungs of a smoker • Sidestream smoke: • The smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar • Most dangerous because it has a higher concentration of carcinogens, nicotine, and tar. What are the Types of tobacco smoke?

Nicotine constricts blood vessels, which cuts down on blood flow to vital organs. Nicotine also contributes to plaque build up in the blood vessels. Arteries may become clogged, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. What are the effects of tobacco use?

Lesson # 4 Illegal Drugs

Substance Abuse: Any unnecessary or improper use of a chemical substance for normal or nonmedical purposes. Illegal Drugs: Chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, posses, buy, or sell. Define the following terms:

Peer Pressure: Family Members: Role Models: Media Messages: Perception: Why do people use drugs? Explain each factor!

Explain how the use of drugs affects all sides of the health triangle: Health risks of drug use: The Health Triangle Social Health Physical Health Mental Health

Inhalants: Stimulants: Depressants/Sedatives: Narcotics: Hallucinogens: Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: Designer Drugs Use your text on page 437 to define the following terms:

Examples include: cocaine, crack, amphetamines, and methamphetamines. Stimulants: Drugs that speed up the central nervous system.

Cocaine usually makes the user feel euphoric and energetic, but also increases body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate. Users risk heart attacks, respiratory failure, strokes, seizures, abdominal pain, and nausea. In rare cases, sudden death can occur on the first use of cocaine or unexpectedly afterwards. Methamphetamine is highly addictive; it increases wakefulness and physical activity, produces rapid heart rate, irregular heartbeat, and increased blood pressure and body temperature. Long-term use can lead to mood disturbances, violent behavior, anxiety, confusion, insomnia, and severe dental problems. All users, but particularly those who inject the drug, risk infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis. Stimulants: Drugs that speed up the central nervous system.

Examples include: alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, rohypnol, and GHB. Depressants/Sedatives: Drugs that tend to slow down the central nervous system

Rohypnol, GHB, and ketamine are all central nervous system depressants. Lower doses of Rohypnol can cause muscle relaxation and can produce general sedative and hypnotic effects. In higher doses, Rohypnol causes a loss of muscle control, loss of consciousness, and partial amnesia. When combined with alcohol, the toxic effects of Rohypnol can be aggravated. Depressants/Sedatives: Drugs that tend to slow down the central nervous system

Examples include: opium, morphine, heroin, and codeine. Narcotics: Specific drugs derived from the opium plant that are obtainable only by prescription and used to relieve pain.

Short-term effects of heroin include a surge of euphoria and clouded thinking followed by alternately wakeful and drowsy states. Heroin depresses breathing, thus, overdose can be fatal. Users who inject the drug risk infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis. After repeatedly using heroin for a period of time, the long-term effects of the substance begin to appear in the user. Chronic users may develop collapsed veins, infection of the heart lining and valves, abscesses, and liver disease. Additionally, pulmonary complications, including various types of pneumonia, may also result in the user Within a few hours after the last administration of heroin, withdrawal may occur. This withdrawal can produce effects such as drug craving, restlessness, muscle and bone pain, and vomiting. heroin

Examples include: PCP, LSD, ecstasy (MDMA) and ketamine (special K). Hallucinogens: Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions including vision, hearing, smell and touch

MDMA produces feelings of increased energy, euphoria, emotional warmth, and distortions in time, perception, and tactile experiences. MDMA can produce confusion, depression, sleep problems, drug craving, and severe anxiety. These problems can occur soon after taking the drug or, sometimes, even days or weeks after taking MDMA. Other effects include increases in heart rate and blood pressure—which present risks of particular concern for people with circulatory problems or heart disease—and other symptoms such as muscle tension, involuntary teeth clenching, nausea, blurred vision, faintness, and chills or sweating. ecstasy (MDMA)

LSD can distort perceptions of reality and produce hallucinations; the effects can be frightening and cause panic. It is sold as tablets, capsules, liquid, or on absorbent paper. LSD users can also experience flashbacks, or recurrences of certain aspects of the drug experience. Flashbacks occur suddenly, often without warning, and may do so within a few days or years later after LSD use. In some individuals, the flashbacks can persist and cause significant distress or impairment in social or occupational functioning, a condition known as hallucinogen-induced persisting perceptual disorder (HPPD). LSD (ACID)

This drug is unique. It can act like one of the 4 main categories each and every time it is used. The user may experience different effects with the drug with each use. Highly psychologically addictive drug people think they can control. Marijuana

The main active chemical in marijuana is THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol). Short-term effects of marijuana use include problems with memory and learning, distorted perception, difficulty in thinking and problem solving, loss of coordination, increased heart rate, and anxiety The use of marijuana can produce adverse physical, mental, emotional, and behavioral effects. Because marijuana affects brain systems that are still maturing through young adulthood, its use by teens may have a negative effect on their development. Additionally, studies have shown an association between chronic marijuana use and increased rates of anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, and schizophrenia. Marijuana

Inhalants: Chemicals that affect mood and behavior when inhaled. Stimulants: Drugs that speed up the central nervous system. Examples include: cocaine, crack, amphetamines, and meth. Depressants/Sedatives: Drugs that tend to slow/depress down the central nervous system. Examples include: barbiturates, tranquilizers, rohypnol, and GHB. vocabulary

Narcotics: Specific drugs derived from the opium plant that are obtainable only by prescription and used to relieve pain. Examples include: opium, morphine, heroin, and codeine. Hallucinogens: Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions including vision, hearing, smell and touch. Examples include: PCP, LSD, ecstasy (MDMA) and ketamine (special K). Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids:Steroid used to treat medical conditions. Designer Drugs: Synthetic substances meant to imitate the effects of hallucinogens and other dangerous drugs. vocabulary

ALCOHOL , Tobacco & DRUGS