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Pediatric Toxicology

Pediatric Toxicology. Jana Stockwell, MD. Epidemiology. 2 million calls 52% of poison center calls <6years Peak ages: 18 months - 3 years. Epidemiology. Unintentional (1-2 years) Exploratory Boys > girls Unable to discriminate safe from unsafe liquid Intentional (adolescent)

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Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation from leaves of Costus spicatus Swartz. (Costaceae)

The species Costus spicatus Swartz, known popularly as “cana-do-brejo,” is widely used in folk medicine in treatment of various health problems, such as pain and inflammation. The present study aimed to identify the main chemical classes present in the crude methanol extract and in the hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol phases from leaves of C. spicatus, as well as to assess the antinociceptive profile of the organic phases in two tests of nociception: acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced nociception in mice. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, steroids and triterpenoids in the crude methanol extract and in all organic phases, and the absence of alkaloids only in the n-butanol phase. The tests were negative for saponins and quinones. In the pharmacological evaluation, at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg (by oral route), all organic phases showed antinociceptive activity in the acetic acid-induced writhing test (p < 0.001). In the formalin test, during the first phase, only treatment with the chloroform fraction demonstrated the antinociceptive response (p < 0.05). In the second phase, the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed an antinociceptive activity (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the organic phases did not impair motor coordination of the animals. Therefore, the results showed antinociceptive activity in all organic phases, except in the n-butanol phase, indicating that these effects were probably due to the presence of secondary metabolites.

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Central nervous system depressant properties of reef associated gastropods, Drupa margariticola and Trochus tentorium fr

The 100% acetone fraction of the gastropods, Drupa margariticola and Trochus tentorium tested for their Central Nervous System (CNS) depressant properties on swiss mice model showed promising results. The locomotor activity of the animal was reduced by the extracts of the D. margariticola and T. tentorium. But the activity was found to be dose dependent, the higher the dose the lower the activity. In control, the activity was found to be very negligible. The standard Chlorpromazine treated animal exhibited a nearly 67.86% reduction in locomotor activity. The 100 mg/kg dose of the 100% column-purified fraction of D. margariticola and T. tentorium exhibited a reduction of locomotor activity by 72.46 and 67.44 % respectively. D. margariticola (50 and 100 mg / kg) and T. tentorium (100 and 200 mg / kg) caused a significant (p<0.001) reduction in locomotor activity in the dose dependant manner. This fact suggests that the compound responsible for the CNS depressant action was distributed between both extracts, although the 100% acetone fraction of the D. margariticola was the strongest.

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Antitumour Quinols as Novel Inhibitors of Thioredoxin Signalling

? 10% Tween/PBS ? 200 mg/kg i.p. d 8 ? 50 mg/kg i.p.d 8-12. Proposed quinol-thioredoxin binding geometry. Cell cycle perturbation by Quinols. NCI mean LC 50 graphs: AW 464 BW 114. Con. 24 h. G1/0. S. G2/M. } Colon. Cell Number. Inhibition of Tx/TR signalling:

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