Pregnancy, Fertility, Breastfeeding, and Alcohol Consumption: An Analysis of Framing and Completeness of Information Dis
ABSTRACT. Objective: Alcohol use during pregnancy can harm the developing fetus. The exact amount, pattern, and critical periodof exposure necessary for harm to occur are unclear, although official guidance often emphasizes precautionary abstention. The impacts on fertility and breastfeeding are also unclear. Information on alcohol and pregnancy is disseminated by the alcohol industryu2013funded organizations, and there are emerging concerns about its accuracy, suggesting the needr for detailed analysis.........r This paper demonstrates the attitude of the alcohol industry to alcohol related developmental disabilities. r It is the reason why research and clinical establishments should not accept any financing from the alcohol industry.r r Quote - Lange et al. (2017) note that u201cresearch on humans has not been able to determine the pattern, amount, and/or critical period of prenatal alcohol exposure necessary for harm to the developing fetusu201dr This is a direct quote from the Lange paper: u201cnot been ableu201d is an unfortunate choice of words. It should have been qualified with the explanation that, at the present, replicating animal studies on human fetuses is not feasible. However, functional brain imaging and epigenetics are increasingly confirming the consequences of alcohol exposure similar or identical to those found in animal studies.
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