Toulmin: The Basics

1. Toulmin: The Basics Stage 1: The Argumentative Paragraph PRE -WRITING DURING/AFTER WRITING DURINGWRITING

2. Unpacking the Essential Question Essential Question: Are you a good friend? Key words or phrases that have “shades” of meaning or mean different things in different situations Questions that ask for a specific meaning of words or phrases: What makes _______? What does it mean to ___________? Specific definitions of shady terms used to test examples

3. The Close Reading CLOSE READING: An analysis of an information source with a specific focus on finding evidence appropriate for defending an answer to the essential question. What makes an effective close reading? Blocking personal biases or opinions. Careful annotation or note-taking.

4. Annotating the Text to Find Strong Evidence (Green = Yes, Red = No) Essential Question: Are you a good friend?

5. Evaluating Evidence EVALUATING EVIDENCE: The process of selecting a piece of relevant, accurate, clear, and specific information that supports the most compelling answer to the essential question

6. Evaluating Evidence: The RACS Test Information is on topic Divide your claim into its component parts. Your quotation needs to relate to all parts of the argument Information is correct or true to the source Check to see that your quotation is copied down correctly from the text. Make sure you didn’t change any of the wording. Information makes sense Read your quotation aloud to make sure it makes sense as written. Information provides sufficient detail Make sure your quotation contains sufficient detail so that you can picture what it is telling you.

7. Evaluating Evidence using the RACS filter test

8. Making my Claim Step #1: Look back at your essential question and your strongest piece of evidence. Step #2: Reconfigure the question into a statement that supports your strongest piece of evidence. “You always ask people about how their day is going and about what’s going on with them at school and at home.” “you can advertise new and different music by attaching audio clips to profile pages. This helps to promote musicians.” “he jumped in the river to save his dog from drowning”

9. The Clarification CLARIFICATION: A more specific explanation of the claim that does the following: Includes a transition (To clarify, In other words, More specifically) Explains the shady terms in the claim Provides a reason claim is true of which the evidence is an example. Claim: Mario is brave. Clarification: In other words, he risked his life for a loved one.

10. Are you a good friend? Does it include a transition? Is the evidence an example of the reason? Does it explain the shady terms in the claim? Does it provide a reason that the claim is true? I am a good friend. me “You always ask people about how their day is going and about what’s going on with them at school and at home.”

11. Are you a good friend? Justification map CLAIM: I am a good friend. CLARIFICATION: To clarify, I care about the well-being of others. EVIDENCE: For example, in the text about me it states ““You always ask your peers about how their day is going and about what’s going on with them at school and at home.” Paraphrased Evidence Missing Link Clarification Claim If I consistently make an effort to talk to people about their school and home lives, then this suggests that I show an interest in the day-to-day experiences of my peers. If this is true, one can infer that I care about the well-being of others. Thus, I am a good friend.

12. Are you a good friend? Directions: Create full sentences from your justification map I am a good friend. To clarify, I care about the well-being of others. me Paraphrasing of evidence Missing link if I consistently make an effort to talk to people about their school and home lives this suggests that I show interest Clarification in the day-to-day experiences of my peers. If this is true, one can inter that Thus, I am a good friend. I care about the well-being of others. Claim/Concluding sentence