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J Taylor Harden, PhD, RN, FGSA, FAAN Assistant to the Director for Special Populations

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES: NIA Advances and Future Directions. J Taylor Harden, PhD, RN, FGSA, FAAN Assistant to the Director for Special Populations National Institute on Aging March 2010. True or False.

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J Taylor Harden, PhD, RN, FGSA, FAAN Assistant to the Director for Special Populations

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  1. Texas Tech UniversityHealth Sciences CenterRESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES:NIA Advances and Future Directions J Taylor Harden, PhD, RN, FGSA, FAAN Assistant to the Director for Special Populations National Institute on Aging March 2010

  2. True or False • The world’s children under age 5 outnumber people aged 65 and over. • More than half the world’s older people live in the industrialized nations of Europe, North America, Japan, and Australia. • Current demographic projections suggest that 35% of all people in United States will be at least 65 years old by the year 2050. • The percentage of older people in rural areas is generally lower than in large cities. • There are more older widows than widowers in virtually all countries.

  3. National Institutes of Health NIH’s MISSION: Science in pursuit of knowledge to improve health

  4. NATIONAL INSTITUES OF HEALTH National Institute on AgingOrganizational Structure Office of the Director Dr. Richard J. Hodes Dr. Marie A. Bernard Intramural Research Program Dr. Dan Longo Office of Administrative Management Lynn Hellinger Division of Extramural Activities Dr. Robin Barr Division of Behavioral and Social Science Dr. Richard Suzman Division of Neuroscience Dr. Marcelle Morrison-Bogorad Division of Aging Biology Dr. Felipe Sierra Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology Dr. Evan Hadley

  5. National Institute on Aging(Fiscal Years 2003 – 2009) * Current dollars – dollar value of a good or service in terms of prices prevailing at the time the good was sold or service rendered. * Constant dollars – dollars value adjusted for inflation to demonstrate “real” increases. Determined by dividing current dollars by an appropriate price index, a process generally known as “deflating.”

  6. 2008 Success Rates Activity Code Applications Reviewed AwardedAward Amount1Success Rate2 R01 977 213 $86,829,586 21.8% R03 219 45 $2,858,321 20.6% R15 31 6 $995,329 19.4% R21 559 76 $13,783,889 13.6%

  7. YOUNG CHILDREN AND OLDER PEOPLE PROJECTED INCREASE IN GLOBAL POPULATION AS A PERCENTAGE OF GLOBAL POPULATION BETWEEN 2005 and 2030, BY AGE • United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects. The 2004 • Revision. New York: United Nations, 2005 in Why Population Aging Matters: A Global Perspective at • www.nia.nih.gov/ResearchInformation/ExtramuralPrograms/BehavioralAndSocialResearch/GlobalAging.htm

  8. Division of Neuroscience

  9. Prevalence of Probable Alzheimer’s Disease Percent Evans D , et al. JAMA , Vol. 262, No. 18, 1989. Evans, et al. Arch Neurol, Vol. 60, 2003.

  10. Exercise Increases Rat BDNF RNA HIPPOCAMPUS: Rats: 1 week exercise (male sprague-dawley, 3 months) Berchtold et al., 2002

  11. Aging, Fitness and Neurocognitive Function Reaction Time (ms) Kramer, A.F. et al. Nature, Vol. 400, July 29,1999

  12. Age-adjusted Incidence of Dementia According to Distance Walked Distanced walked † † 18 <0.25 mile/day 0.25 to 1 miles/day 15 >1 to 2 miles/day >2 miles/day 12 Incidence (rate/1000 person-years) 9 6 3 0 All dementia † Significant excess vs men who walked >2 miles/day (p<0.05) Abbott et al., JAMA, 2004

  13. Division of Aging Biology Chronic Stress Signaling Chaperones Comorbidity ROS Stress Response Immunosenescence Metabolism Inflammation Mitochondria Cytokines IGF / Sirtuins Aging LAG Endocrine Bones & cartilage Epigenetics Genetics Tissue Aging Proliferative Homeostasis Omics Cardiovascular Secretome Apoptosis Stress-Induced

  14. Treatment of Mice with Rapamycin Starting at 20 months of age Harrison et al., 2009

  15. Division of Behavioral and Social Research Areas of Emphasis • Health Disparities • Aging Minds • Increasing Health Expectancy • Health, Work, and Retirement • Interventions and Behavior Change • Genetics, Behavior, and the Social Environment

  16. Since 1982, disability rate for elderly Americans declined by 30% In past 30 years, American life expectancy increased by ~6 years America Is Living Longer And Healthier • Improvements in: • Recovery from heart disease, stroke • Deafness • Vision impairment • Osteoporosis • Bone and joint health • New, more effective classes of drugs for arthritis • Improvements in joint replacement technology

  17. Science of Behavior Change BehavioralScience Economics Genetics Increase Exercise Smoking Cessation Neuroscience Medication Adherence ModerateDrinking FinancialPlanning Relevant science is rapidly emerging but is not optimally focused on behavior or common basic issues underlying many problem behaviors. Using emerging new fields behavioral economics, cognitive neuroscience, behavior genetics Policy

  18. Number of Chronically Disabled AmericansAge 65+ (in millions) 12 If disability rate did not change since 1982 10.0 10 9.5 9.2 8.3 8 7.5 7.4 6.4 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.0 6 Based on declining disability rate since 1982 4 1982 1989 1994 1999 2005 (estimated) Source: National Long Term Care Survey (Kenneth Manton, Ph.D.)

  19. Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology Marco Pahor Physical Exercise to Prevent Disability 2 U01 AG022376-05 • Phase 3 multi-centered randomized, controlled clinical trial building on the successful results of the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) pilot study. • Primary aim is to assess long-term effects of interventions on mobility disability and secondary aims are to assess effects on cognitive function, serious falls, ADLs, and cost-effectiveness.

  20. Familial Determinants of Human Longevity 100 98 92 95 Courtesy: Dr. Nir Barzili

  21. NIH Director’s Opportunities for Research Dr. Francis S. Collins’ Thematic Priorities • Genomics and Other High Throughput Technologies • Translating Basic Science to Better Treatments • Using Science to Enable Health Care Reform …Health Disparities • Global Health Research • Reinvigorating Biomedical Research Community • Microbiome • Small molecule screening • Stem cell research

  22. Human Microbiome Project (HMP)NIH Roadmap for Medical Researchhttp://nihroadmap.nih.gov/hmp By leveraging both the metagenomic and traditional approach to genomic DNA sequencing, the Human Microbiome Project will lay the foundation for further studies of human-associated microbial communities. The project has set the following goals: Determining whether individuals share a core human microbiome Understanding whether changes in the human microbiome can be correlated with changes in human health Developing the new technological and bioinformatic tools needed to support these goals Addressing the ethical, legal and social implications raised by human microbiome research.

  23. Opportunities for Research and NIH What is the best use of the Common Fund to address NIH priorities?

  24. Integrated Science and the Coming Century of the Environment • Science …its defining traits are… heuristics, the opening of avenues to new discovery and interpretation; and consilience, the interlocking of causal explanations across disciplines. Researchers from disciplines of the natural sciences have entered a broad, mostly unexplored domain of causally linked phenomena: • Cognitive neuroscientists • Behavioral geneticists • Evolutionary biologists/evolutionary anthropologists • Environmental scientists Wilson EO, 1998, Science 279 (5358):2048-2049

  25. Future Directions

  26. Future Directions

  27. Future Directions

  28. Future Directions

  29. Future Directions • NIA Summer Institute on Aging Research July 20211 Queenstown, MDApplications Due March 2011 • NIH Training Institute on Health Behavior Theory July 25 - August 1, 2010 Madison, WIApplications Due on April 9, 2010 • NIH State-of-the-Science ConferencePreventing Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive DeclineApril 26–28, 2010 Bethesda, Maryland • NIA Grants Technical Assistance WorkshopNovember 18-19, 2010 New Orleans

  30. NIH Information Resources on Aging • National Institute on Aging Information Center Toll-free information line, 1-800-222-2225 Web site (English & Spanish) -- www.nia.nih.gov/HealthInformation • NIA Alzheimer’s Disease Education and Referral Center (ADEAR) Toll-free information line, 1-800-438-4380 Web site (English & Spanish) -- www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers • NIHSeniorHealth.gov Joint project with National Library of Medicine Aging related health information in a senior-friendly format Topics include hearing loss, exercise, arthritis, glaucoma, and more

  31. NIH -Listens@NIH.GOV

  32. National Institute on Aging J Taylor Harden Ph.D., R.N., FGSA, FAAN Assistant to the Director for Special Populations Taylor_Harden@nih.gov 301/496-0765

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