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Sensing the Earth: From Global to Local

Sensing the Earth: From Global to Local. Gilberto Câmara (INPE, Brazil). source: USGS. Slides from LANDSAT. Whither GIScience? GIScience = branch of information science that deals with geographical space GIScience = branch of science that deals with geospatial information. Aral Sea. 1973.

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Sensing the Earth: From Global to Local

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  1. Sensing the Earth: From Global to Local Gilberto Câmara (INPE, Brazil)

  2. source: USGS Slides from LANDSAT Whither GIScience? GIScience = branch of information science that deals with geographical space GIScience = branch of science that deals with geospatial information Aral Sea 1973 1987 2000 Bolivia 1975 1992 2000

  3. My thesis today.... • Change is a keyissue in our world • Geo-sensorwebsprovide data aboutchange • Geo-sensor webs already exist and new technology will improve them • Geo-sensorwebs are enablers for a GIScienceofchange • A GIScienceofchange is a growingresearch agenda

  4. Global Earth Observation System of Systems Capabilities Vantage Points L1/HEO/GEO TDRSS & Commercial Satellites Far-Space Permanent LEO/MEO Commercial Satellites and Manned Spacecraft Near-Space Aircraft/Balloon Event Tracking and Campaigns Airborne Deployable Terrestrial User Community Forecasts & Predictions

  5. Environmental geosensor networks Why are environmental geosensors important? LBA tower in Amazonia

  6. The fundamental question of our time How is the Earth’s environment changing, and what are the consequences for human civilization? source: IGBP

  7. October 21 2007 Charles launches campaign to save ravaged rainforests Prince Charles will this week join the battle against climate change by launching an organisation which calls for a new green economics that recognises the world's rainforests are worth more alive than dead. Deforestation is responsible for 18-25 per cent of global carbon emissions, an output second only to energy production.

  8. Deforestation is responsible for 18-25 per cent of global carbon emissions (Prince Charles) How does anyone know? Source: Carlos Nobre (INPE)

  9. “Despite solid improvements by scientists in monitoring deforestation, the uncertainties are still substantial”. (Science, 27 April 2007)

  10. Earth as a system

  11. Global Change Where are changes taking place? How much change is happening? Who is being impacted by the change?

  12. Global Land Project • What are the drivers and dynamics of variability and change in terrestrial human-environment systems? • How is the provision of environmental goods and services affected by changes in terrestrial human-environment systems? • What are the characteristics and dynamics of vulnerability in terrestrial human-environment systems?

  13. Impacts of global environmental change By 2020 in Africa, agriculture yields could be cut by up to 50% sources: IPCC and WMO

  14. Earth observation satellites provide key information about global change

  15. 1975 1986 Global remote sensing shows the big picture 1992

  16. Global data is not enough…we need to know what happens in the local scale Local data calibrates global models

  17. Aerosol Concentrations in Amazonia Changes from very low values of 5-12 μg/m³ to very high 500 μg/m³ In areas affected by biomass burning

  18. Collapse of Amazon Rain Forest? 2100 2000 savanna pastures forest caatinga desert Is there a tipping point for Amazonia? source: Oyama and Nobre, 2003

  19. Global Earth Observation System of Systems Capabilities Vantage Points L1/HEO/GEO TDRSS & Commercial Satellites Far-Space Permanent LEO/MEO Commercial Satellites and Manned Spacecraft Near-Space Aircraft/Balloon Event Tracking and Campaigns Airborne Deployable Terrestrial User Community Forecasts & Predictions

  20. Is there an opportunity for GIScience in the geosensors aimed at global environmental change? EO data: benefits to everyone

  21. GIScience provides crucial links between nature and society Nature: Physical equations Describe processes Society: Decisions on how to Use Earth´s resources

  22. source: USGS Slides from LANDSAT Aral Sea 1973 1987 2000 The geo-sensor web is an enabler for GIScience research on modeling change Bolivia 1975 1992 2000

  23. The Greek vision of spatial data (x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2 Euclid Egenhofer spatial topology

  24. The Greek vision of spatial data Aristotle categories - kathgoria Smith SPAN ontologies

  25. source: USGS Slides from LANDSAT GIScience and Change: A Research Programme Understanding how humans use space Predicting changes resulting from human actions Modeling the interaction between society and nature Aral Sea 1973 1987 2000 Bolivia 1975 1992 2000

  26. The Renaissance vision for space Kepler Frank

  27. The Renaissance vision Galileo Batty

  28. Geo-sensor webs already exist… LBA tower in Amazonia

  29. A Potential Geo-sensor Web: The Land Surface Imaging Constellation TERRA (ASTER & MODIS) IRS LANDSAT RESOURCESAT ALOS SAC-C SPOT CBERS Source: Daniel Vidal-Madjar (France)

  30. Mount Etna (2002 eruption)

  31. 11,000 landstations (3000 automated) 900 radiosondes, 3000 aircraft 6000 ships, 1300 buoys 5 polar, 6 geostationary satellites Weather and climate source: WMO

  32. Brazil´s Data Collecting Satellite Network

  33. A vision for environmental geosensors in Brazil Vision geosensors + microsatellites = glocal

  34. ARGOS Data Collection System (16000 plats) 650,000 messages processed daily

  35. Data collection services Tracking Positions collected over a fixed period of time Monitoring Data from remote stations, fixed or mobile

  36. ARGOS Marine FisheriesService source: ARGOS • vesselnameand ID, • positions and routes • catch reports,. Argos and GPS.

  37. Argo bouy network

  38. I amtheWalrus

  39. Geosensor networks Network of sensors that observe, record and disseminate geographicallyreferencedinformation

  40. Geosensor networks Challenge: send data from sensors to base station maximizing quality and minimizing energy consumption

  41. Geosensors: new directions in IC technology Projeto Smart Dust “Spec” mote UC Berkeley MICA mote Intel mote

  42. Potential Benefits of Geosensor networks Energy Ecosystems Health Water Resources Agriculture Climate Hazards Biodiversity

  43. Environmental Monitoring Redwood trees (Sonoma County, CA, USA) Temperature, humidity and light sensors measure the micro-climate of a redwood tree www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~get/sonoma/

  44. Geosensor networks Bird monitoring in Maine Flood monitoring in England http://envisense.org/floodnet/floodnet.htm

  45. Monitoring Tropical Forests La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica – Carbon Fluxes

  46. Disaster Monitoring Geo-sensor network installed in a volcano in Equador http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~mdw/proj/volcano/

  47. Geosensors for monitoring forests: a vision source: Deborah Estrin (CENS, UCLA)

  48. In-network and multi-scale processing algorithms Scalability for densely deployed sensors Low-latency for interactivity, triggering, adaptation Integrity for challenging system deployments source: Deborah Estrin (CENS, UCLA)

  49. Trends source: Deborah Estrin (CENS, UCLA)

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