Welcome

1. Welcome

2. In keeping with integrated community sustainability strategies and plans it is WTEC’s goal to provide a logical, cost effective and environmentally sound, long-term solution for : The safe destruction of biomass & other waste. Provide valuable renewable thermal & electrical energy. Provide economic opportunities. Provide a safe & clean environment for generations to come. CGS Rationale

3. Deliverables Fully integrated waste to energy plan OEM supply model Deployment of leading edge, environmentally sound, proven technology “CGS” Provide ongoing long-term Operations & Maintenance support.

4. Outcomes Convert waste wood and biomass into sustainable opportunity. Provide improved health & welfare. Safe/clean environment for future generations. Demonstrate Social & Environmental Leadership Reduce Waste Hauling Pollution & Costs

5. Continuous Gasifier System (CGS) Technology Overview

6. Continuous Gasifier System (CGS) Continuous feed Single or double reaction chamber Two-staged Air-starved Thermal Gasifier

7. Concept Biomass, waste wood, sawdust & other fairly consistent solid wastes are fed continuously into the hearth area of a vertical reaction chamber. Innovative hearth design requires no moving grate or fluidized bed. Hot syngas produced in the air-starved zone of the lower chamber is fully oxidized in the excess-air zone of the upper chamber. Residence time of flue gas at design temperature ≥ 5 sec. Optional second reaction chamber increases residence time further and slows gas to allow particulate settling. Heat recovery, power generation, and emissions controls are by standard technologies.

8. Waste Feedstock Types Most appropriate for waste types of relatively consistent size and calorific value such as: • Solid waste of relatively consistent content • Wood waste • Agricultural residues

9. Continuous Operation COR High River, 10 years of operation COR Thora, one of three on site

10. Unified 2-Stage Gasification Air-Starved Gasification Zone: • Automatic feed using augers or rams provides continuous operation. • Low-temperature gasification in V-shaped hearth (left) at bottom of first reaction tower. • Hot syngas released up to secondary oxidation zone in same tower. • Easy ash removal by ram during operation. Excess-Air Oxidation Zone: • Takes place in upper zone of first reaction tower. • Control of Time / Temperature / Turbulence. • Second tower (at left) can be added to increase residence time of gases at design temperature and slow gases to allow particulate settling.

11. The three-step, V-shaped hearth itself has no moving parts and so avoids the frequent breakdowns and high maintenance costs that occur with the moving metal grates and fluidized beds found in mass burn incinerators. Unified 2-Stage Gasification COR during construction = Excellent reliability & reduces costs for capital equipment, operations, maintenance & repairs. = Holding the ash longer for gasification zone leaves as little bottom ash behind as possible.

12. Secondary Combustion Chamber Combustion of hot syngas takes place in upper zone of chamber. Residence time of gases at design temperature is ≥ 5 sec, which is 3 sec more than EPA requires. Generates heat for conversion to steam and / or electricity. Meets all US & EU EPA emissions standards after scrubbing. COR High River, 10 years of operation in Northern Canada

13. Bottom Ash • Sterile & Non-toxic. • Virtually no carbon. • No slag or clinkers. • Easily separated from glass & metals for recycling. • Passes EPA’s “Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure” (TCLP) test. • Bottom ash can be sold as aggregate for concrete or for asphalt road surfacing. • Landfilling not required.

14. Options for Energy Recovery Primary Fuel Consistent Feedstock Integrated Gasification (Hot Syngas) and Oxidisation (Super Hot Flue-Gas CGS Economizer Water Organic Rankine Cycle Turbine Generator Emissions Control System Heat Recovery Boiler Super Heated Steam Electricity Turbine Generator Condenser Electricity

15. Typical layout for Energy Generation Daily capacity of 1000 tonnes can be achieved with two CGS™ process trains of 500 tons each. Larger capacities can be achieved by increasing the capacities of the individual CGS™ process trains and / or by adding more process trains.

16. Indicative Steam and Electric Power Generation Actual energy recovery & power generation depends on calorific value & moisture content of waste, types of heat recovery & power generation technology selected, their designs & configuration, & other project-specific factors.

17. Typical layout with two ‘trains’ CGS™ facility with two process trains—each containing one primary and one secondary chamber—feeding two boilers, two baghouses, and one turbine generator.

18. Automated CGS™ Process Controls • Operator interface by touch-screen controls. • SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) data logging capability. • Option for real-time remote monitoring by WTEC technical staff. • Photos show touch-screen monitor and control panels at BOS™ waste-to-energy facility in Scotland.

19. Automation & Controls Operator interface by touch-screen controls. • Optional SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) data logging capability. • Real-time remote monitoring by WTEC technical staff.

20. Touch-Screen Control Panel CGS have automatic controls with manual override that operators can monitor or adjust using the simple touch-screen control panel.

21. Advance Flue Gas Treatment Inherently low COR™ emissions can be reduced further by treatment of flue gases using Best Available Technology: • Flue gas retention time ≥ 2 sec at temps up to 1300° C as required. • Sodium bicarbonate to neutralize acids. • Activated carbon to remove trace dioxins, furans & heavy metals. • Flue gas recirculation & selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) to control NOx. • Filter baghouse to collect scrubber consumables & residual fly ash. View of stack with facility operating at full capacity.

22. CGS Emissions Management CGS™ emissions meet all EPA standards in US & European Union.

23. Design Basis for CGS Facility Compared to EU Limits CGS™ plants can be designed & operated to achieve even lower limits.

24. Continuous Emissions Monitoring Log Compared to Daily & Half-Hourly EU Limits CO PM (Dust) HCl NO2 Note: Add-on de-NOx equipment not operated during test. SO2 VOC

25. Monitoring Results for Dioxins & Furans Compared to EU Limits Independent tests show emissions at only 35% of stringent EU limits.

26. Design Comparison to US EPA Emissions Limits CGS™ plants can be designed & operated to achieve even lower emissions that may be necessary to meet annual output limits required by local air quality districts.

27. Continuous Emissions Monitoring Data Compared to EU Emissions Limits Note that this plant has no NOx reduction equipment. Data is from * days of CEM log in December, 2007. Raw data available on request.

28. Sample CGS Deployments 2002 - High Level, Alberta, 600 TPD Wood Waste 2003 - Swan River, Manitoba, 135 TPD Wood Waste 2003 - Fruitvale, British Columbia 200 TPD Wood Waste 2004 - Slave Lake, Alberta, 500 TPD Wood Waste 2005 - Gudang, Indonesia, 200 TPD Tobacco Waste 2007 - Thora, Australia, 200 TPD Wood Waste 2012 - Kelly Lake, BC, 300 TPD Wood Waste (in pre-deploy)

29. CGS Energy Utilisation Electricity. Process steam for industry. Process steam for district heating. Chilled water or air for central cooling. Potable water. Disposal fees or avoided costs. Bottom ash as soil amendment (biomass only) or concrete aggregate. Carbon credits. Renewable energy credits. Renewable energy grants and tax credits.

30. Why CGS ? Large-capacity, continuous-feed, two-stage thermal gasification in single or double vertical reaction chambers for consistent wastes such as biomass and household waste. Simple, robust design with very few moving parts. Innovative hearth design eliminates complicated moving grates and fluidized beds found in mass burn incinerators. Sophisticated controls for air, waste feed, and auxiliary fuel first developed for the BOS™ are now available on CGS™. Lower capital, labour, and other operating costs than other conversion technologies. Meets or exceeds CDN, EU and US emissions standards with appropriate control equipment.

31. Thank You wtecanada.com