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Dermatological Conditions

Dermatological Conditions. Chapter 12 Pathology. Trauma to the Skin. Blisters Hot spots, friction, bulla, improper clothing Tx – drain if necessary, donut, topical antibiotic Burns What is difference in the severity of grades Who is at risk, interaction of some medications Calluses

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Dermatological Conditions

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  1. Dermatological Conditions Chapter 12 Pathology

  2. Trauma to the Skin • Blisters • Hot spots, friction, bulla, improper clothing • Tx – drain if necessary, donut, topical antibiotic • Burns • What is difference in the severity of grades • Who is at risk, interaction of some medications • Calluses • Proper foot care • What is the cause? • Chafing • Brought on by sweating, improper clothing; thighs, axilla, jogger’s nipples

  3. Dermatitis/Eczema • Dermatitis • Brought on by dry skin, excessive bathing, low humidity • Eczema • Skin inflammation • Usual symptoms • Dry, flakey, itchy skin

  4. Contact Dermatitis • Brought on by an allergic reaction • Poison ivy, sumac, soap, clothing • S/S - redness, blistering, itchy • Tx • Topical/oral corticosteroids • Oral meds – antihistamines, diphenhydramine

  5. Atopic Dermatitis • Most common form of eczema • Chronic disease • Genetic disorder of skin sensitivity to many sources • S/S • Papules, vesicles, scaly lesions • Extreme itching can lead to secondary infection • Tx • Corticosteroids for itching • Antibiotics for infection • Aveno* soap, no dyes, natural material for clothing

  6. Chronic Eczema – Acute Stage • Large papules (possibly erupting) • Hypo/hyperpigmentation • Typical areas effected • Children – Extensor surfaces • front of knees/back of elbows • Adults – Flexural surfaces • Back of knees/front of elbows • Exacerbations – allergies & stress • Secondary Issues – staph infection

  7. Ways to Prevent & Tx of Dermatitis • Simple Rules • Treat the itch and avoid the irritant • Corticosteroids, Benadryl/Sudafed(careful of sedation) • Treat infection with proper meds • Water/lanolin based lotion • Avoid harsh soaps/perfume/cosmetics • Avoid “hot” showers • Wool clothing, control sweating

  8. Infections Impetigo – staph infection • Bacterial Infections • Enter through a break in the epidermis • Staph • Strep • Pseudomonas

  9. Strep Infections • Erysipelas -Invasion of deeper tissue • Folliculitis – infected hair follicule • Pseudomonas aeruginosa • Form of folliculitis contracted from whirlpools, hot tubs • Red papules

  10. Staph Infections - Boils (furuncle) • Exhibit drainage & pus • Highly infectious • Difficult to distinguish from strep unless culture taken • Transmitted skin-to-skin • Tx topical or oral antibiotics

  11. Boils - treatment • Invasion of deeper tissue • Carbuncle – multiple furuncles • Transmitted with towels/clothing • Tx • Moist compress • Donut • Ickthamol ointment • Pull out to release core, NEVER squeeze

  12. Acne Mechanica • Common adolescent illness • Occurs when sebaceous glands become clogged • No cure, but can be controlled with meds • topical or systemic meds available

  13. Fungal Infections • Common in athletics: • warm, dark, moist environments • worsened with restrictive clothing/equipment (chafing) • Classes=tinea & yeast • Symptoms: • small patches of red, scaly, inflamed areas • smooth (not elevated) • severe itching

  14. Spreads easily Difficult to treat because of re-infection Symptoms improve with change in environment Often treatment >1 month Tx 2wks after sy’s resolve Symptoms: extreme itching red, scaling, inflamed lesions (fissures) yellowish drainage possible Tinea Infections (fungal)

  15. Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s foot) • Most frequent tinea infection • May accompany yeast infections • 1%-3% of people are carriers • Rare in prepubertal children

  16. Tinea Cruris • Jock itch • often originates at feet • may affect men or women • aggravated by tight clothes • spreads easily • linens, towels, etc must be changed daily

  17. Tinea Corporis Gladiatorum • Tinea of the body • “Ringworm” • Affects humans & animals • Circular pruritic patches--well defined with raised borders • Common in wrestling

  18. Yeast infection “sun spots” Most apparent after sun exposure (does not tan) Common in trunk, upper arms/legs, neck not contagious Resembles freckles May be asymptomatic or mildly pruritic Tx: selenium sulfide shampoo or oral antibiotics Yeast Infections - Tinea Versicolor

  19. Parasites - Scabies • Extremely contagious (mite) • Similar to eczema – but no history of disease • Kwell soap/shampoo • Wash towels/sheets daily

  20. Head Lice • Very common in children • Contagious • Don’t confuse with dandruff

  21. Viral Infections – Herpes Simplex • Cold sore, fever blister • Common around lips/face • Many OTC meds • Contagious • Lives in nerves, never goes away

  22. Verruca vulgaris - Warts • Found on Face, hands, feet (plantar warts) • Many methods to destroy • Often return

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