CASE STUDY: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POPULATION & RESOURCES

1. OBJECTIVE: GIVEN THE READING, DETERMINE HOW TO MEASURE POP. GROWTH & FERTILITY AND UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT ON POPULATION STRUCTURE OF VARIOUS REGIONS

2. CASE STUDY: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POPULATION & RESOURCES EGYPT PHYS & AG DENSITY HIGH (2,296 & 251) HEAVY PRESSURE ON LAND FOR FOOD 31% FARMERS & .03% ARABLE LAND ALL BUT 5% OF POP LIVE IN NILE VALLEY ARITH. DENSITY 80 ASWAN DAM 1970 & NEW VALLEY 1997 500K NEW ACRES UNDER CULTIVATION VIA LAKE NASSER & CANAL NETHERLANDS ARITH & PHYS DENSITY HIGH (400 & 1, 748) HEAVY PRESSURE ON LAND FOR FOOD 3% FARMERS & .01% ARABLE LAND AG DENSITY 23 2.4% POP LIVE IN “GREEN HEART” OR AG CENTER POLDERS & DIKES; SUSTAINABLE FARM PRACTICES

3. COMPONENTS OF POPULATION GROWTH- J CURVE GRAPH • POPULATION CHANGES NATURAL, MIGRATION & IMMIGRATION • NIR – NATURAL INCREASE RATE: % BY WHICH A POP GROWS IN A YEAR. SUBTRACT CDR FROM CBR AFTER CONVERTING FROM #/1,000 TO # PER 100 (PERCENTAGES) • 21ST CENTURY NIR 1.2% & HAS BEEN IN DECLINE SINCE 1990’S • RATE OF NIR AFFECTS DOUBLING TIME: # OF YEARS NEEDED TO DOUBLE A POPULATION ASSUMING CONSTANT RATE OF N.I. • 95%+ OF NATURAL INCREASE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES & NEGATIVE IN EUROPE • ABOUT 1/3 POP GROWTH DURING LAST 10 YRS IN SOUTH ASIA; ¼ SUB SAHARAN AFRICA & REMAINDER = EAST ASIA, SE ASIA, LATIN AMERICA & SW ASIA & NORTH AFRICA This is when the projection population show exponential growth; sometimes shape as a j-curve. This is important because if the population grows exponential our resource use will go up exponential and so will our use as well as a greater demand for food and more.

4. BIRTH & DEATH AKA FERTILITY & MORTALITY • CBR MIRRORS NIR • CBR=# BIRTHS / 1,000 POPULATION & PROVIDES A PICTURE OF SOCIETY AS A WHOLE IN A GIVEN YEAR • TFR MORE ACCURATE: AVG. # BIRTHS A WOMAN WILL HAVE DURING CHILDBEARING YRS (15-49) & ATTEMPTS TO PREDICT THE FUTURE BEHAVIOR OF WOMEN • 2.5 WORLD TFR • HOW MANY KIDS IN YOUR FAMILY? • CDR DOESN’T FOLLOW SAME PATTERN: REGIONAL VARIATIONS DUE TO STAGE OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THAT A COUNTRY IS EXPERIENCING • CDR # DEATHS PER 1,000 IN A YEAR

5. POPULATION STRUCTURE • POPULATION PYRAMID – GRAPH OF WHAT A COUNTRY’SPOPULATION STURCTURE LOOKS LIKE - % OF TOTAL POP IN 5YR. AGE GROUPS • DEPENDENCY RATIO –COMPARE AGE STRUCTURE AMONG COUNTRIES. # OF PEOPLE WHO ARE TOO YOUNG OR TOO OLD TO WORK COMPATED TO THE # OF PEOPLE IN THEIR PRODUCTIVE YEARS. 0-14 & 65 + OLDER RESPECTIVELY • THE LARGER THE DEPENDENCY RATIO, THE….. • THE SMALLER THE DEPENDENCY RATIO, THE………. • GRAYING OF THE POPULATION MEANS? • SEX RATIO # MALES/1,000 FEMALES