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Quick Review of Chapter 16!

Quick Review of Chapter 16!. “Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century”. Section 1: Science and Urban Life. Making cities as we know them possible: Skyscrapers – Elevators + steel skeletons = build UP, not OUT Mass transit – electric trains to move people

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Quick Review of Chapter 16!

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  1. Quick Review of Chapter 16! “Life at the Turn of the 20th Century”

  2. Section 1: Science and Urban Life • Making cities as we know them possible: • Skyscrapers – Elevators + steel skeletons = build UP, not OUT • Mass transit – electric trains to move people • Suspension bridges – connect previously disconnected areas • City planning – Organized development, intentional green space, etc.

  3. Section 1 cont’d • New printing tech – ~90% literacy rate; lots of books, magazines, and newspapers • Durable paper; could be printed on both sides of a continuous roll (web-perfecting press) • Airplanes • Photography – cameras become much more portable and affordable for the masses

  4. Section 2: Expanding Public Education • Expanding opportunities for elementary and high school education • Largely excluded African Americans • Higher Education • Growth of research institution • Greater access, especially in state universities • Higher Ed. for African Americans • Several schools founded by African Americans: Howard, Atlanta, Fisk Universities • Several influential black leaders point to education as key to ending racism

  5. Section 3: Segregation and Discrimination • Legal Discrimination • Voting Restrictions – literacy tests, poll taxes (“grandfather clause” • Jim Crow – government sanctioned segregation • Plessy v. Ferguson – Supreme Court determines “separate but equal” is okay • Informal discrimination as well • Yielding sidewalks to white people, taking off hats for whites, etc.

  6. Section 3 cont’d • Racial Violence – not following etiquette might result in violence or even death (lynching, for example) • North? • Less legally ordered segregation • Segregation still persisted • So did second-class citizen status • West? • Mexican workers in SW – railroads and agriculture • Debt peonage • Chinese exclusion – fear of job competition

  7. Section 4: The Dawn of Mass Culture • Leisure • Amusement Parks – Coney Island (1884), Ferris Wheel (“Columbian Exposition” in 1893) • Bicycling – technology gets safer, more “woman-friendly” and grows greatly in popularity • Tennis – Also grows rapidly • Spectator Sports – boxing and baseball especially • Super Healthy foods – Hershey chocolate and Coca Cola

  8. Section 4 cont’d • Spreading Culture • Newspapers – sensationalism sells papers • Arts/Libraries – most large cities have galleries and public libraries • Popular Fiction • Changing consumer habits • Shopping centers/department stores • Chain stores • Advertising – increased newspaper/magazine circulation • Catalogs and RFD – catalogs of merch. Along with Rural Free Delivery allow those who can’t make it to cities to still be good consumers!

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