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ECE291

ECE291. Lecture 0 All about ECE291. Staff info – Me!. Josh Potts Office phone: 244-8032 Office address: 242 Everitt Email: jpotts@uiuc.edu Office hours: whenever you see me and I don’t blow you off Sense of humor: present but very bad. Staff info – the TA’s.

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ECE291

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  1. ECE291 Lecture 0 All about ECE291

  2. Staff info – Me! • Josh Potts • Office phone: 244-8032 • Office address: 242 Everitt • Email: jpotts@uiuc.edu • Office hours: whenever you see me and I don’t blow you off • Sense of humor: present but very bad ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 2 of 45

  3. Staff info – the TA’s • Michael Urman (urman@uiuc.edu) • Ajay Ladsaria (ladsaria@uiuc.edu) • Ryan Chmiel (rchmiel@uiuc.edu) • Justin Quek (quek@uiuc.edu) • David Du (daviddu@uiuc.edu) • George Lu (georgelu@uiuc.edu) ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 3 of 45

  4. Lecture outline • Course overview • Lab etiquette • Design flow • Number systems review • Assignments ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 4 of 45

  5. Course overview What is ECE291? • Computer Engineering II • Assembly language programming • Emphasis on hardware and device programming • The glue between your logic design classes and your high-level programming classes • A lot of work • The best class at UIUC ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 5 of 45

  6. Course goals • You will become proficient in assembly language programming • You will learn to organize large programs • You will learn how to interface with hardware devices in your computer • You will develop excellent time management skills or you will die ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 6 of 45

  7. Structure and evaluation • 6 Home work sets 125 points • 5 Machine problems 300 points • 2 Exams 400 points • 1 Final project 175 points Total 1000 points ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 7 of 45

  8. Structure and evaluation 2 • Grading scale • Minimum A = 95% x AVG(Top 10%) • Minimum B = Minimum A – 100 • Minimum C = Minimum B – 100 • Etc. • If Minimum A as calculated above is > 900 then 900 is the minimum A ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 8 of 45

  9. Structure and evaluation 3 • The top “few” people will get A+’s unless everyone in the class really sucked • + and - grades will be dolled out just below letter grade break points. • So if the minimum A is 900, 890 to 899 will get an A-, 880 to 889 will get a B+. • I have no quotas on grades. I hope you all get A’s! ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 9 of 45

  10. Miscellaneous • The 291 website is your most important source of information www.ece.uiuc.edu/ece291 • Home works are completed online at the website • All lecture notes, schedule changes, handouts, etc, are available on the website. ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 10 of 45

  11. Miscellaneous 2 • The lab notes may be purchased in the IEEE bookstore in the basement for aproximately $11. • They have been extensively revised and updated over the summer and should be very useful. • You may obtain PDF or HTML versions from the 291 Web Site. ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 11 of 45

  12. Miscellaneous 3 • The 291 newsgroup is used heavily throughout the semester to answer questions uiuc.classes.ece291 • Don’t post code to the newsgroup • Post questions and answers to questions, but don’t tell people how to code their MP’s. • Be civil. No flaming. Flaming will be punished. • We also have an announcements newsgroup that only TA’s and myself can post to uiuc.classes.ece291.announce ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 12 of 45

  13. Miscellaneous 4 • Review the following documents available on the 291 website • Syllabus • Class outline and lecture schedule • Lab staffing schedule • Homework 0 • Machine problem 0 ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 13 of 45

  14. Lab etiquette • The 291 lab is in 238 Everitt Lab • The lab is open 24-7 • Get your keycards activated in 153 EL • No food or drink allowed in the lab • Don’t prop the door open • Don’t let people in the lab who aren’t enrolled in the class ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 14 of 45

  15. Lab etiquette 2 • The lab has recently been completely renovated. • New paint job • New tables and chairs • Increased number of computers from 30 to 37 • New computers (1GHz, 256MB ram, 17” flat panel monitors) • About $85,000 worth of improvements in all ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 15 of 45

  16. Lab etiquette 3 • Clean up after yourselves • Push your chair back under the table when you leave • Don’t leave candy wrappers or pop cans • Don’t leave papers laying about • Don’t lock screens – log off when you leave • Don’t poke monitors!!! ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 16 of 45

  17. Lab etiquette 4 • Computer accounts – reset password at http://accounts.ad.uiuc.edu • Home directories – store your work on the w: drive. The w: drive is your own private work area. It is stored on a server and follows you from computer to computer • DO NOT STORE ANYTHING ON THE C: DRIVES OF THE LAB COMPUTERS ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 17 of 45

  18. Lab etiquette 5 • FTP access to home directories ftp to elalpha.ece.uiuc.edu • The 291 lab printer is for printing 291 lab materials. • Don’t abuse it • 100 page per month quota • $0.07 charge per page over quota ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 18 of 45

  19. Lab etiquette 6 • The lab computers don’t belong to you! • Don’t destroy them • Don’t install anything on them (this includes ICQ, Netscape, Real Player, MIRC, etc.) • Don’t attempt to move the computers, rearrange the monitors and speakers, etc. • ALWAYS log off when you are done ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 19 of 45

  20. Machine problems • MP0 – Introduction to assembly language • General design flow • Debugging process • Introduction to the software tools • MP1 – Basic input and output • Procedures • Basic instructions • Library routines ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 20 of 45

  21. Machine problems • MP2 – Interrupts and I/O • Advanced keyboard input • Serial port communication (probably between two computers in a client-server paradigm) • Keyboard interrupts • MP3 – Text mode video, timing • MP4 – Protected mode, hi-res graphics, image processing, basic-shape drawing ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 21 of 45

  22. Final project • All of the above topics plus sound and networking if you want to try them. • Groups of 2 to 5 people (we prefer 3 or 4) • Should be the equivalent of a later MP’s work per person • You propose projects to us, we approve them or make suggestions ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 22 of 45

  23. Why am I doing this? • Program speed • Compact executable • Common in DSP and embedded systems • Games, games, games!!! ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 23 of 45

  24. Design flow • Coding • We will provide you with “skeleton” files for each MP. Copy this skeleton file to your w: drive and work on it from there. For MP0, the file is mp0.asm. • Write your assembly code in mp0.asm using your favorite text editor (we suggest vim) • Run the make command. This invokes NASM, the Netwide ASseMbler. ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 24 of 45

  25. Design flow 2 • Making your executable • Running make from the command line assembles your code using NASM, links it with any library functions we provide and generates an executable like mp0.exe • If there are syntax errors in your code, Nasm will tell you about it ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 25 of 45

  26. Design flow 3 • Debugging • Use feedback from Nasm to eliminate all syntax errors. • Use Turbo Debugger (td) to track down run-time and logic errors. • MP0 takes you through the above process ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 26 of 45

  27. Number systems review • Base 10 representation (decimal) (0..9): • dn10n + dn-110n-1 + ... + d2102 + d1101 + d0100 • Example: 3045 = 3*103 + 4*101 + 5*100 = 3000 + 40 + 5 = 3045 ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 27 of 45

  28. Number systems review 2 • Base 2 representation (binary) (0..1): • dn2n + dn-12n-1 + ... + d22 + d121 + d020 • Eg: 101101 = 1*25 + 1*23 + 1*22 + 1*20 = 32 + 8 + 4 + 1 = 45 ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 28 of 45

  29. Number systems review 3 • Base 16 representation (hex) (0..9,A..F): • dn16n + dn-116n-1 + ... + d2162 + d1161 + d0160 • 3AF = 3*162 + 10*161 + 15*160 = 3*256 + 10*16 + 15 = 943 ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 29 of 45

  30. Base conversion • Division/remainder method - Long division by largest power of base. • Example: Convert 45 decimal to binary 45 divides by 32 (25) once, leaves 13 13 divides by 8 (23) once, leaves 5 5 divides by 4 (22) once, leaves 1 1 divides by 1 (20) once, leaves nothing [done] Thus: 45 (base 10) == 101101 (base 2) ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 30 of 45

  31. Number representation • In computers, the size of a number becomes important. An 8-bit number for example always has 8 binary digits. • Example: 0001 1010 • Hexadecimal is a convenient shorthand for binary numbers: • Example: 1Ah ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 31 of 45

  32. Number representation • In an 8-bit system, the largest number we can represent is 1111 1111, or FFh, or 255d • If we need to represent bigger numbers, we need more bytes. • 16-bit numbers go up to 65,535d or FFFFh or 1111 1111 1111 1111. ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 32 of 45

  33. Signed numbers • Need a way to represent negative numbers • Let’s try using the first bit or most significant bit as a sign bit! • Sign bit = 0: positive • Sign bit = 1: negative Example: 1000 0010 = -2 decimal 0000 0010 = +2 decimal ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 33 of 45

  34. Signed numbers 2 • Trouble/Confusion/Problem • How is 0000 0000 different from 1000 0000? • One is -0 and one is +0. No different at all! • We should intuitively dislike having to different representations for the same thing. • More problems • It becomes difficult to process positive and negative numbers. Special cases for each. ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 34 of 45

  35. Two’s complement • The solution is to use Two’s Complement • Numeric Formula: -dn2n + dn-12n-1 + ... + d222 + d1*21 + d0*20 • Notice the negative sign in front of dn ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 35 of 45

  36. Two’s complement 2 ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 36 of 45

  37. Two’s complement 3 • We are taking advantage of the circular nature of fixed-length binary numbers • To subtract A-B, perform A+(-B).Now the addition operator works for negative numbers • Notice: First bit still represents the sign of the number. • s=0: positive (+) • s=1: negative (-) ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 37 of 45

  38. Two’s complement 4 • Three methods to compute a negative number (n) (choose one method) • Invert bits of n then add 1 • Take largest number (all ones), subtract n, add 1 • Scan n from right to left. Copy zeros, copy first one, invert remaining numbers ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 38 of 45

  39. Two’s complement 5 • Examples (8-bit): • -1 = 1111 1111 • -2 = 1111 1110 • -128 = 1000 0000 • +1 = 0000 0001 • +127 = 0111 1111 • +128 = Invalid ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 39 of 45

  40. Two’s complement 6 • Examples: (16-bit) • -1 = 1111 1111 1111 1111 • -2 = 1111 1111 1111 1110 • -32,768 = 1000 0000 0000 0000 • Observations • When you move to a larger register (increase the number of bits), just extend the sign bit to the left. ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 40 of 45

  41. Sign and Zero Extension • Consider the value 64 • the 8-bit representation is 40h 0100 0000 • the 16-bit equivalent is 0040h 0000 0000 0100 0000 • Consider the value -64 • the 8-bit two’s complement is C0h 1100 0000 • the 16-bit equivalent is FFC0h 1111 1111 1100 0000 • The rule: to sign extend a value from some number of bits to a greater number of bits - copy the sign bit into all the additional bits in the new format • Remember - you must not sign extend unsigned values ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 41 of 45

  42. Sign Contraction • Given an n-bit number, you cannot always convert it into an m-bit number if m < n • Consider the value -448 • the 16-bit representation is FE40h 1111 1110 0100 0000 • the magnitude of this number is too great to fit into an 8-bit value • this is an example of an overflow condition that occurs upon conversion • To properly sign contract one value to another the bits that you wish to remove must all contain either 0 or 1 • FF80h can be signed contracted to 80h • 0100h cannot be sign contracted to 8-bit representation ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 42 of 45

  43. Real numbers in binary • Recall • dn*2n + dn-1*2n-1 + ... + d2*22 + d1*21 + d0*20 • Notice the exponents begin from n and decrease to zero. • For fractional parts, just keep going • d-1*2-1 + d-2*2-2 + d-3*2-3 + … ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 43 of 45

  44. Real numbers in binary • Example: Convert 11010.101 to decimal • 24 + 23 + 21 + 2-1 + 2-3 • 16 + 8 + 2 + .5 + .125 • 26.625 • For negative numbers, we just stick a sign bit in the front and forget about it. ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 44 of 45

  45. Assignments • Get started on MP0. • Start HW0. Due Wednesday • Reset your computer account password • Get your keycard activated • Go buy the Lab Manual ECE 291 Lecture 0 Page 45 of 45

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