DOVE (Discovery Of Venus Express)

1. DOVE (Discovery Of Venus Express) Team : Orange

2. Team • Principle Investigator : Hanmin Kang • Co workers : Jiho Lee JaeikBae Junha Kim DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

3. Contents • Intro • Instruments • Structure & Time line DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

4. 1. Intro DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

5. Features of Venus • The second largest rocky planet in the solar system • Diameter : Smaller than Earth with 95% • Cycle of revolution is similar to period of rotation • Period of rotation : 243 days cycle of revolution : 224 days • Mass : Smaller than Earth with 81.5% • Distance between Sun and Venus : 0.7AU DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

6. Surface of Venus • Dry and hot surface • Temperature : 737K • Pressure : 92atm • No liquid water • Craters, mountains, canyons, valleys DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

7. Atmosphere of Venus • Cloud : Sulfuric acid and water • Temperature : 228K • Pressure : Similar to Earth • Thick atmosphere • Wind speed • 370km/h above the cloud • 210km/h under the cloud • Ozone in atmosphere : Less than Earth with 10% • 96.5% of CO2, 3.5% of N2 DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

8. So we think that…….. • There might be some organic matters or lives in the clouds of Venus • Water and sulfuric acid in the clouds of Venus. • Ozone exist in the atmosphere of Venus • There might not be any creatures on the surface of Venus • Too hot What we would like to find or study in Venus is……. Different kinds of bio-marks in the atmosphere Different sorts of elements and bio-marks in the surface Properties of atmosphere (pressure, temperature……..) DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

9. Mission Objects • Mission Statement • Analyzing components of clouds and surfaces in Venus • Studying properties of atmosphere in Venus • - Searching for lives or organic elements in Venus • Science Goals • - To look for lives or organic resources in clouds and surfaces of Venus • - To know if atmosphere of Venus is appropriate for creatures to live. • - To compare components of clouds and surfaces in Venus with those of Earth DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

10. Mission Justification • Why does Venus have biological potential? • - It has some water in the atmosphere. • - Also, it has ozone layer at a altitude of 100km • - Gravity and temperature is similar to Earth in the cloud of Venus • Why did we choose this planet? • - Venus is rocky planet, and the size of it is similar to Earth. • -We heard that there is some water in the cloud of Venus. • What mission type(platform) will be used in our project? • - Orbiter : Orbits around Venus • Carrier : Measures about the atmosphere of Venus • Interceptor : Collects some samples on the surfaces of Venus DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

11. Something to Measure • Percentage of each gas occupation at Venus’ atmosphere (especially H2S,SO2) • Carbon compounds in the atmosphere • Amount of ‘amino acids’ right after the lightning (Based on Miller’s experiment) • Wind speed, temperature and pressure in cloud. DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

12. Biomarkers • Organic compounds : DNA, RNA, proteins, hydrocarbons, especially ‘Amino acids’ • Inorganic compounds: : Sulfur compounds, carbonates, silicates • Small organic molecules

13. 2. Instruments DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

14. Introduce about our instruments • Camera • Radio Science • GCMS-TLS • ASI for p, T, wind, accel DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

15. Compliments of instruments for the mission Camera • Major measurements : Shape of clouds and surfaces, figure of certain matters. • Take some photos of surfaces and clouds of Venus. So, camera will give information about geology. • Can take some pictures of what the other instruments get. • Help to control the craft. We will use……. Infrared camera in the orbiter, Wide and middle angle camera in the carrier, Narrow angle camera in the interceptor DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

16. Radio Science (RS) • Performs as a GPS, and communicates with the orbiter • Controls or tracks the the carrier or interceptor by using RS. • Does not provide the information about life • Does not depend upon weather. DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

17. GCMS-TLS • GC/MS • Separate mix gas, check mass spectrum and know what elements are in this gas. • Major measurements : Venus' atmosphere (H2O, CO2, NH3, CH4…) • Can find organic matters and bio-marks from GC/MS-TLS. So we can get information of existing or extinct life. • We can get chemical information from this instrument DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

18. Mass Spectrometry(MS) • Analyte is separated in GC and ionize through transfer line. • Mass spectrometry act in very low pressure • To protect MS hardware • To increase of mean free path Gas Chromatograph (GC) DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

19. TLS (Tunable Laser Spectrometer) • Chemical construction, organic structure • It will provide information about existing life • It will give biological, chemical information DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

20. TLS produces specific light to vibrate the molecule • Once the molecule vibrates, TLS minutely tuned to different wavelength of light to result in an extremely precise measurement. DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

21. ASI for p, T, wind, accel. • Major measurements : Temperature, pressure, wind speed • Can assume the existence of life by its measurement • Provides Physical information DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

22. 3. Structure & Time line DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

23. Structure of Spacecraft Antenna Solar cell Main body of spacecraft Engine of carrier Propulsion system Carrier DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

24. Energy Resources • Solar Energy • We can operate the orbiter by using solar energy, because the orbiter always get around in space. • Thus, the orbiter can always receive sunlight, so it can generate electricity by solar energy, using solar cells. • Nuclear Energy • The carrier and interceptor which perform their work under the clouds of Venus can’t get energy from sun. • So they have to use nuclear energy, which can produce a lot of energy with small amount of resources. DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

25. E Time Line 2015. 7. 1 : Launch our craft ~2015. 12.24 : Voyage to Venus Earth Venus ~2016.1. 24 : Stabilize the orbit of craft ~2015. 8. 1 : Stabilize the orbit of craft ~2020.1. 24 : Exploration period DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

26. Arrive to Venus 2015. 1. 24 Stabilizing the orbit of the craft in Earth 2015. 7. 1~8.1 Mission start 2016. 1. 24 Voyage to Venus Mission on Venus Mission end -Death of the spacecraft. 2020. 1. 24 Launching day 2015.7.1 Stabilizing the orbit of the craft in Venus 2015.12.24~2016.1.24 DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

27. E E E E E Methods to explore Venus 2 3 1 Earth Venus DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

28. First : Change the length of craft DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

29. E E E E E Methods to explore Venus 2 3 1 Earth Venus DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

30. Second : Drop the carrier from the orbiter • The structure of the carrier Robot arm for collecting materials from atmosphere Wide angle camera Main body -contains GCMS-TLS ASI for p, T, wind, accel, Radio Science Wingsto help carriers up and down Middle angle camera Disk Cargowhich has 4 interceptors DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

31. How to up and down through the jet stream

32. Generated by solar cell Before dropping carrier After dropping the carrier Using engine of the carrier & storing energy in battery of the carrier Using engine of the orbiter DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

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34. E E E E E Methods to explore Venus 2 3 1 Earth Venus DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

35. Third : Throw down interceptor from the carrier • The structure of interceptor Antenna When interceptor return to carrier Camera Robot arm Main body Propulsion system Leg of interceptor DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

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39. Region Explored by Interceptor • There are a lot of volcanoes and shields on Venus • Our landing spacecraft, ‘Interceptor’, will land on the large shield to land stable • In the prior exploration like Venera14, they landed on the ‘Theiamons’ which is a large shield volcano on Venus

40. Region Explored by Interceptor

41. Region Explored by Interceptor DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project

42. Thanks for listening! DOVE(Discovery Of Venus Express) project