Sewage Treatment and Disposal Economical Way-out

1. Sewage Treatment and Disposal Economical Way-out “AWWT” New Action Plan Dinkar Saxena & Rajeev Parwar

2. AWWTNew Action Plan …. • Development of self sustainable wastewater treatment & disposal system for remote & unsewered locations for small habitats. • Must comply all norms of E P Act yet energy efficient economical solution to wastewater discharge system. • When ground water levels are decreasing rapidly why to waste any drop of WATER – need of hour. …A step For Sustainable Solution

3. Water It's vital for all of us. We depend on its good quality-and quantity-for drinking, recreation, use in industry and growing crops. It also is vital to sustaining the natural systems on and under the earth's surface ….

4. Ground water is for ever...! • A beautiful Day Dream…! • Ground Realty is … Ground water is receding By every passing year. • Declining Rate of Ground Water in some Parts of Agra as monitored by Piezometer

5. An Alarming NegativeTrend • In 1985 Water Table in Kalma Nagar Area was 50 fts • In 2004 water Table in same area is Nearly 225 ft. • A whooping decline on Average of 9 Ft. per year.

6. Yes Need of Hour is… WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

7. Action taken for… • Minimization of wastewater by training and awareness. • Zero discharge sewage treatment systems. • Water recycling. • Zero discharge Industries. • Drip irrigation. • Prevention of over drafting the ground water • Sustain development and preservation of Natural Water Resources • Increase in catchments area as much as possiblefor Water Harvesting • Flood Management ……..are Components of Watershed Management.

8. METHODOLOGY FOR TREATMENT • Separation of rainwater runoff from sewage gray water. • Anaerobic digester based sewage treatment plant for wastewater. • Disposal of treated wastewater on cropland for irrigation. • Draining of rainwater runoff in to low-lying cropland fields. • Plugging all points of water escape on outer periphery of jail, by contour bunds.. • Making an exit plan for draining excessive rainfall, to nearby Municipal drain.

9. FAMILIES + CAFETERIA WASTE rainwater Grey water = Bathroom +kitchen +washing etc Night Soil Transportation to treatment plant (sewage lines + drains) Floating material Bar screens Grit chamber Equalization tank with HRT of 6Hrs. grit RWH UASB Reactor 39 ft hydraulic depth Polishing pond 12 hrs HRT Sub surface soaking trenches with sand piling if required and Evapotranspiration system

10. Paved and un paved area Collection drain Trash racks Grit chamber Cropland Schematic diagram of Rain Water Treatment and disposal (Harvesting process).

11. Generation points of sewage Collection of sewage Up flow anaerobic digester Treated water to cropland Aeration tank / trickling filter Flow sheet of wastewater treatment and disposal process

12. Attached growth media BOD removal 95 ~ 99 % Pump 1.5 KL / Hr Generation of wastewater BOD 300 mgl, 50 Kld +3 3 ½’ Storage for treated water ‘O’ level - 3INCHES ATTACHED GROWTH BIO TOWER Hrt 5 hrs BOD removal 70% Collection & settling pit 5 Kl SCHEMATIC OF ENERGY EFFICIENT Sewage treatment system (STP) Attached growth media ATTACHED GROWTH ANAEROBIC DIGESTER

13. Landscaping as tertiary treatment

14. Cost of Treatment • Anaerobic Process shell out energy in terms of Methane. • Secondary or polishing Stage uses natural oxidation which brings out cost of chemical energy requirement. • Average of Construction for Eco systems are nearly Rs. 5.00 per Lt. Per day. • Running Cost is as low as Rs. 0.10 per capita load. FOR MORE INFO... Manual on sewerage and sewage treatment ( Second Edition) ( CPHEEO) Ministry of Urban Development, The Govt. Of India.

15. Anaerobic Waste Water Treatment (AWWT) General Introduction

16. Sustainable Environmental Concepts • Appropriate low-cost technologies • Integrated biological methods • Reuse of valuable compounds • Stimulation of urban agriculture • Development towards ‘zero emission’ production Require: Bio-methanation of waste (waters)

17. Sustainable Environmental Protection • Prevention of waste production • No dilution of high strength wastes • Treatment at the site • Low or no usage of chemicals & fossil fuels for treatment • Low treatment costs (land, capital & operational) • High efficiency • Applicable at any scale • Robust and plain technologies • Acceptable for local population / industries

18. Resource Conservation • Wastewater treatment for water recovery • Valorization of (semi) solid residues – production of soil conditioners • Bio-methanation of organic wastes • Recovery of nutrients and elements from waste streams: N, P, S, heavy metals

19. Criteria for WWT selection • Satisfactory treatment efficiency towards: COD/BOD,suspended solids, N, P, etc. • Robust technology: high stability towards power cut, peak loads, toxicants, etc. • Flexible with respect to future amendments (extensions, improvement) • Simple in operation maintenance and control • Limited number of treatment steps • Absence of disposal problems (e.g. sludge) • No malodour nuisance • Availability of local experience • Designed for (by) product recovery

20. Technologies • Bio-technological processes – Anaerobic treatment, core technology – (Micro) aerobic post treatment • Complementary physico-chemical processes, If necessary

21. WHY ANAEROBIC TREATMENT ? AEROBIC process has Heat loss Sludge, 30-60 kg Influent 100 kg COD + Aeration +(100 kWh) =Effluent, 2-10 kg COD ANAEROBIC Sludge, 5 kg Influent 100 kg COD= Effluent, 10-20 kg COD + Biogas 35 m3 (285 kWh) Net Energy gain

22. If Used as Pre Treatment… Benefits of Anaerobic (pre -)treatment • Low production of stabilised (!) sludge • Very low nutrient requirements • Little if any energy requirement • Production of biogas • Reduction of green house gas emissions • Very high loading rates (up to 35 kg COD.m-3.day -1) • Plain technology • Relatively simple in operation and maintenance • Anaerobic sludge can be stored unfed ®campaign industries • Start up with granular sludge in 1 week

23. “Drawbacks” of Anaerobic treatment • Anaerobic organisms are quite susceptible for a large number of compounds • AWWT in principle is a pre-treatment to reduce the load on Aerobic treatment • Sometimes malodor nuisance may occur • Sometimes little experience available in operation and design

24. Few Completed Projects… • District Jail Agra., 1000 + inmates • Vimal Apartments., 54 Flats • Vimal Vatika 230 Residential houses • Bhawna Estate 75 Families • Vinayak Vihar 82 Residential Houses • Dawar Footwear Company 650 Employee • Virola International 1400 Users. Project Under construction… • TDI City. Agra 1150 Houses • TDI Mall Agra 1500 Footfall • Pushpanjali Baikunth, 125 Acres Layout • Pushpanjali Orchid, Agra. 127 Acers • P P Town 350 Housed And cottages • Etc….

25. Bhawna Estate

26. A Live experience…. Plant at district Jail Agra

27. A talk with Superintendent Jail Agra… Mr. S.P. Yadav Crops at Jail Compound

28. Team/Resources Dinkar Saxena, M. Sc., M.I.E., M.I.P.H.E.,P.G.D.M., C. Eng., Chartered Engineer, accredited Lead Auditor, SAI (USA), Environment Auditor (EIMA, U.K.) Rajeev Parwar M.E. ( Construction Technology & Management) , M.I.E., M.I.P.H.E.,F.I.V., C. Eng., Chartered Engineer Support staff Mohd. Tarique.Diploma in Architecture. Skilled Supervisors Civil Construction 2 Electrical 1 Plumbing 3 Equipment Complete Tools for on the spot monitoring Environment Parameter. Support & Outside Services Long term Contract With S.G.S. Ltd., Gurgoan, Haryana, For Environment Impact Assessment.

29. Thanks for … …kind attention.