Dmitri Mendeleev's Periodic Table and Predictive Law

1. Unit 2 Periodic Table

2. Dmitri Mendeleev • a Russian chemist and inventor • formulated the Periodic Law • created a version of the periodic table of elements • predict the properties of elements yet to be discovered

4. Periods • A row of elements in the periodic table whose elements change gradually and predictably. • 7 periods • Period # = # of shells • Period 1 = 1 shell • Period 2 = 2 shells • Period 3 = 3 shells • Etc, etc

5. Periods

6. Groups (Families) • Columns in the Periodic Table that contain elements that have similar physical or chemical properties. • 18 groups • Elements have same # of valence e- • Ex. Group13 has 3 valence e

7. Groups

8. Called FAMILIES because these elements are most similar to each other! Like siblings they are most alike! • Lets Practice!!!

9. Who is most like this Model?

10. Who is most like this Model?

11. Reactivity and Valence Electrons • electrons located in the valence shell • # of valence e- will determine the chemical properties of the atom including REACTIVITY • Reactivity- is a measure of how much a substance tends to react with other things • The more Valence e’s the more stable (LESS REACTIVE) and HAPPY (Noble Gases) • The less valence e’s the MORE REACTIVE and EXPLOSIVE or UNHAPPY (Alkali Earth Metals)

13. Metals • An element that has luster, is malleable, ductile, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity • Most are solids • Some are liquids (Mercury and Neptunium) • 91 metals

14. Nonmetals -Gases or brittle solids -Poor conductors -Only 17 nonmetals -include elements vital to life (P,C,O,I, N, S) Sulfur Chlorine Carbon

15. Metalloids -an element that shares some properties with metals and some with nonmetals. -6 metalloids Silicon

16. Color Your Periodic TableNot part of notes • Label the periods. (1-7) • Label the groups. (1-18) • Color metals blue. • Color non-metals yellow. • Color metalloids green. • Create a key to show what each color represents.

17. Color Your Period TableNot part of notes • Label the periods With Rings (1-7) • Label the groups (1-18) • Label all groups/families with # of Valence e- • Black out transition Metals • Color groups according to ROYGBV • Group 1 Red • Group 2 Red Orange • Group 13 Orange • Group 14 Yellow • Group 15 Green Yellow • Group 16 Green • Group 17 Blue • Group 18 Purple • Shade groups dark to light with darkest starting at the bottom to represent Atomic Mass • Draw happy/sad/neutral/angry faces to represent reactivity. (Happy=Full, angry =Least Full)

20. Group 1(Alkali Metals) -Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr -1 valence e- -very reactive metals (except H-non-metal) Conductors Li Na

21. Sodium Potassium Lithium Rubidium Cesium

23. Group 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals) -Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra - 2 valence e- -very reactive metals (less reactive than group 1) Conductors Be Mg

24. Magnesium Calcium Beryllium Strontium Barium Radium

26. Group 13 (The Boron Family) • B, Al, Ga, In, Tl • 3 valence e- • All metal except B (metalloid) • Conductors • Boron semi conductor B AL

27. Group 14 (The Carbon Family) • C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb • 4 valence e- • Nonmetals: C • Metalloids: Si, Ge • Metals: Sn, Pb • Conductors • Semi-conductors • insulators Si C

28. Group 15 (The Nitrogen Family) P • N, P, As, Sb, Bi • 5 valence e- • nonmetals: N, P • Metalloids: As, Sb • Metal: Bi • Conductors • Semi-conductors • insulators N

29. Group 16 (The Oxygen FAMILY) -O, S, Se, Te, Po -6 valence e- -Non-metals -Insulators S

30. Group 17 (The Halogen/Halides Family) • F, Cl, Br, I, At • 7 valence e- • All nonmetal except At (metalloid) • “salt-formers” F Cl

31. Bromine Fluorine Chlorine Iodine

33. Group 18 (The Noble Gases) • He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn • Full Valence shells=Stable • Rarely combine with other elements He

36. Transition Elements • Groups 3-12 • All metals • Include the Inner Transition Elements • Lanthanide Series • Actinide Series

37. Halogens Noble Gases Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals

38. Transition Elements Inner Transition Elements