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ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ 231

ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ 231. ᏚᏂᏂᏗ 6, 2014. Transitive Animate Pronouns. Transitive Animate Pronouns indicate an Animate Actor and an Animate Undergoer . Actor ACTS ON Undergoer. Local Transitive Pronouns. Local Transitive Pronouns indicate at least a First Person and a Second Person

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ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ 231

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  1. ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ 231 ᏚᏂᏂᏗ 6, 2014

  2. Transitive Animate Pronouns Transitive Animate Pronouns indicate an Animate Actor and an Animate Undergoer. Actor ACTS ON Undergoer

  3. Local Transitive Pronouns Local Transitive Pronouns indicate at least a First Person and a Second Person 1st and 2nd Persons are Local because they are here at time of speech.

  4. New Transitive Pronouns The Local Pronouns are New. First Person ACTS ON Second Person (three basic forms) Second Person ACTS ON First Person (three basic forms)

  5. 1st ACTS ON 2nd Singular Fewest actual people: 1st Singular ACTS ON 2nd Singular gv- ~ gvy- Gvgowhtiha. I see you. -gowhtiha ‘seeing Present’ C-Stem (DFeeling 1975:268)

  6. 1st ACTS ON 2nd Singular Fewest actual people: 1st Singular ACTS ON 2nd Singular gv- ~ gvy- Gvyvniha. I am hitting you. -vhniha ‘hitting Present’ V-Stem (DFeeling 1975:265)

  7. 1st ACTS ON 2nd Dual 3 to 4 actual people, no Plural: 1st Dual ACTS ON 2nd Dual or fewer (i)sdv- ~ (i)sdvy- Sdvgowhtiha. I see you two. -gowhtiha ‘seeing Present’ C-Stem (DFeeling 1975:268)

  8. 1st ACTS ON 2nd Dual 3 to 4 actual people, no Plural: 1st Dual ACTS ON 2nd Dual or fewer (i)sdv- ~ (i)sdvy- Sdvyvniha. I am hitting you two. -vhniha ‘hitting Present’ V-Stem (DFeeling 1975:265)

  9. 1st ACTS ON 2nd Plural 4 to ? actual people: 1st Plural ACTS ON 2nd Plural or fewer itsv- ~ itsvy- Itsvgowhtiha. I see you all. -gowhtiha ‘seeing Present’ C-Stem (DFeeling 1975:268)

  10. 1st ACTS ON 2nd Plural 4 to ? actual people: 1st Plural ACTS ON 2nd Plural or fewer itsv- ~ itsvy- Itsvyvniha. I am hitting you all. -vhniha ‘hitting Present’ V-Stem (DFeeling 1975:265)

  11. 2nd ACTS ON 1st Singular Fewest actual people: 2nd Singular ACTS ON 1st Singular sgi- ~ sgw- Sgigowhtiha. You see me. -gowhtiha ‘seeing Present’ C-Stem (DFeeling 1975:268)

  12. 2nd ACTS ON 1st Singular Fewest actual people: 2nd Singular ACTS ON 1st Singular sgi- ~ sgw- Sgwvhniha. You are hitting me. -vhniha ‘hitting Present’ V-Stem (DFeeling 1975:265)

  13. 2nd ACTS ON 1st Dual 3 to 4 actual people, no Plural: 2nd Dual ACTS ON 1st Dual or fewer sgini- ~ sgin- Sginigowhtiha. You two see me. -gowhtiha ‘seeing Present’ C-Stem (DFeeling 1975:268)

  14. 2nd ACTS ON 1st Dual 3 to 4 actual people, no Plural: 2nd Dual ACTS ON 1st Dual or fewer sgini- ~ sgin- Sginvniha. You two are hitting me. -vhniha ‘hitting Present’ V-Stem (DFeeling 1975:265)

  15. 2nd ACTS ON 1st Plural 4 to ? actual people: 2nd Plural ACTS ON 1st Plural or fewer sgi:- ~ sgi:y- Sgi:gowhtiha. You all see me. -gowhtiha ‘seeing Present’ C-Stem (DFeeling 1975:268)

  16. 2nd ACTS ON 1st Plural 4 to ? actual people: 2nd Plural ACTS ON 1st Plural or fewer sgi:- ~ sgi:y- Sgi:yvniha. You all are hitting me. -vhniha ‘hitting Present’ V-Stem (DFeeling 1975:265)

  17. NT Corpus -sdel- ‘help’ -sdel- ‘help Base’ is a key term in the New Testament Corpus and in the Cherokee language Christian hymns. Consonant Stem Transitive Animate: Animate Actor, Animate Undergoer

  18. NT Corpus gv- 2cr06: 2 … And in the day of salvation I helped thee … 2cr06: 2 … ᎠᎴ ᎾᎯᏳ ᎢᎦ ᎦᏴᏓᏗᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎬᏍᏕᎸᎲ … 2cr6: 2 … ale nahiyu iga gayvdadisdelvdi gesv gvsdelvhv…

  19. NT Corpus itsv- • m25:44 … and did not minister to thee? • m25:44 …ᏂᏨᏍᏕᎸᎲᎾᏃ ᎨᏎᎢ? • m25:44 … nitsvsdelvhvnano gesei?

  20. NT Corpus sgi- m14:30 … he was afraid … he cried … Lord, save me. m14:30 … ᎤᏍᎦᎸᎩ … ᎤᏪᎷᏅᎩ … ᏣᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᏍᎩᏍᏕᎸ. m14:30 … usgalvgi … uwelunvgi … tsagvwiyuhi sgisdelv.

  21. NT Corpus sgini- l23:39 … save thyself and us [two]. l23:39 … ᎭᎵᏍᏕᎸ ᏨᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏴ ᏍᎩᏂᏍᏕᎸ. l23:39 … halisdelv tsvsv ale ayv sginisdelv.

  22. NT Corpus sgi:- m08:25 … Lord, save us; we perish. m08:25 … ᏣᎬᏫᏳᎯ, ᏍᎩᏍᏕᎸ, ᏓᏲᏣᏗᏒᏂᏉ. m08:25 … tsagvwiyuhi, sgisdelv, dayotsadisvnigwo.

  23. Vsgi Nigaa! Vsgi nigaa! That’s all. Introduction of Local Transitive Pronouns.

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