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New Orders Missions Church in America

Continuing 4.2. New Orders Missions Church in America. New Religious Orders. Society of Jesus (Jesuits). Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556) Injured as soldier  Soldier for Christ Military background  chain of command Fourth Vow– absolute personal obedience to Pope “The Spiritual Exercises”

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New Orders Missions Church in America

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  1. Continuing 4.2 New OrdersMissionsChurch in America

  2. New Religious Orders

  3. Society of Jesus (Jesuits) • Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556) • Injured as soldier  Soldier for Christ • Military background  chain of command • Fourth Vow– absolute personal obedience to Pope • “The Spiritual Exercises” • Intellectuals, theologians, missionaries • Practical, this-world … not withdrawal, sacrifice • Task for “soldiers”: Combat Protestantism

  4. Vincentians/Charitys • Vincent de Paul (1581-1660) • Focus on the poor; preach to, teach commoners • Louise de Marillac Daughters of Charity • Bypass cloister rules by taking private annual vows

  5. Christian Brothers • John Baptist de La Salle (1652-1719) • Educate poor children  escape poverty, crime • Began classroom teaching (not private tutors) • Considered a founder of modern education

  6. Elizabeth Ann Seton • 1774-1821 • First American-born saint (canonized 1975) • Convert; began Baltimore school • Sisters of Charity (Emmitsburg) – first religious order begun in the U.S. • Credited with beginning the parochial school system

  7. Missionaries

  8. Exploration Begins • Events of 1492 • 1493 ~ Pope Alexander VI draws line, dividing the Atlantic • Spain gets West; Portugal gets East • 1522 ~ Magellan sails around the world, so a second line is needed • Catholics travel to spread the faith; Protestants for trade

  9. Methods • Religious Orders ~ Franciscans, Dominicans, and especially Jesuits • “Hard” vs. “Soft” • “Hard” ~ by force & destruction • “Soft” ~ missions; settlements & teach; accommodation/adaptation • In the Americas • French in the North; Spain in the South

  10. Challenges • Conquistadors & Colonizers • Enslave the “savages” • Educated Christians  human • Missions protected the natives • Danger of Syncretism • To what extent do you “adapt” the faith to local customs, religious practices, etc., before it no longer is Christianity?

  11. Catholicism in the Colonies and U.S.

  12. The American Colonies • Established for “religious freedom”? • Freedom of OUR, “perfect” religion! • 11 of the original 13 colonies had official state religion; only two safe for Catholics • Maryland ~ begun as safe haven for Catholics • 1649 Act of Toleration • Pennsylvania ~ Quaker acceptance • Constitution ~ God not mentioned • No influence in EITHER direction

  13. John Carroll • 1735-1815; elected bishop in 1789 (American Catholics feared foreign bishop) • Balanced democracy with Vatican loyalty • Began St. Mary’s Seminary (Baltimore), Georgetown College (DC), dioceses • 1790 – 30,000 American Catholics1815 – 200,000 American Catholics

  14. Anti-Catholic Sentiment • Nativism & Know-Nothing Party • “Public” Schools • Isolation  vicious cycle • Politics/Presidental Candidates • 1929 ~ Al Smith • 1960 ~ John F. Kennedy • John Kerry • Paul Ryan & Joe Biden

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