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Lesson 1-1 Introduction to Statistics

Lesson 1-1 Introduction to Statistics. You will learn to… * define statistics * define vocabulary associated with statistics. The word statistics is derived from the Latin word status , meaning “state.”. 3 reasons for studying statistics:. 1) to understand results of studies done.

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Lesson 1-1 Introduction to Statistics

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  1. Lesson 1-1 Introduction to Statistics You will learn to… * define statistics * define vocabulary associated with statistics

  2. The word statistics is derived from the Latin word status, meaning “state.”

  3. 3 reasons for studying statistics: 1) to understand results of studies done 2) to be able to conduct our own research 3) to become better consumers and citizens

  4. Buying a car

  5. Medicine Source: Viagra.com

  6. Car insurance $842.30 18 year old male

  7. Car insurance $661.70 18 year old female

  8. Car insurance

  9. Required College of Arts and Sciences – Science Departments Moore School of Business College of Education – any BS and Early Childhood College of Engineering and Information Technology College of Pharmacy Arnold School of Public Health Optional College of Arts and Sciences – Arts Departments College of Education – any BA and Elementary School of Music Stats in USC Colleges

  10. Sample Schedule USC School of Business Third Semester • ECON 221 Principles of Microeconomics • MGSC 290 or Computers in Business or MGSC 291 Probability and Statistics • MGMT 250/ENGL 463 or Professional Communication or ENGL 282-286 Fiction, drama, poetry, or American or British literature • ACCT 225 Introduction to Financial Accounting • Liberal Arts Philosophy, history, political science, geography, foreign language, etc.

  11. USC Nursing:General Education Requirements • General education course selections must meet University general education requirements. • English: ENGL 101-102 or higher • Social Sciences: Two courses from one of these: sociology or psychology. One course must cover life-span content. • Analytical Reasoning: To be satisfied in one of the following ways: 1) STAT 110 and MATH 122 or 2) STAT 110 and STAT 201

  12. USC: Hotel Recreation Tourism Management • MATH 122 or 141, plus an additional course from PHIL 110 or 111, mathematics (at the next higher level), computer science (above CSCE 101), or statistics b. Two courses from one of the following fields--Philosophy (110 and 111 only) or computer science (above CSCE 101) or statistics

  13. Majors of USC Students in one STAT 110

  14. What is Statistics? Collect, Organize, Analyze, and Interpret Data in order to Make Decisions Statistics can be Hocus-Pocus!

  15. What is data? Data consists of information from observations, counts, measurements, or responses. examples: 5 ft, 98˚, 2 hrs, 165 lb, male, 50 years old, 4 fat grams, 200 times at bat, 100,000 sold

  16. Population The collection of all things being studied. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X Sample A subset of the population.

  17. Heights of Ridge View students Heights of Ridge View students taking probability & statistics 1. Population? All RV students

  18. Heights of Ridge View students Heights of Ridge View students taking probability & statistics RV prob & stats students 2. Sample?

  19. RV students RV seniors all courses math courses students in this class students in this class We get every measurement or count that is of interest. We may get only partial information, but that might be the most economical way to get info. Time & Money

  20. How many were surveyed? Explain “At home: 82%.” Who was surveyed? Why do the percents add up to more than 100%? 1746 university students 82% of those surveyed like to snack at home multiple answers were allowed

  21. Explain “Cashiers; 3,262,120; $5.75.” Who did the surveying? Who was surveyed? # of cashiers surveyed in 1996; median hourly pay rate employed American adults US Labor Department

  22. The U.S. Department of Energy conducts a survey of 800 gasoline stations to determine the average price per gallon. 3. Identify the population. all gas stations 4. Identify the sample. 800 gas stations 5. What does the data set consist of? price per gallon ($)

  23. A study of 33,043 infants in Italy was conducted to find a link between a heart rhythm abnormality and sudden infant death syndrome. 6. Identify the population. all infants 7. Identify the sample. 33,043 infants 8. What does the data set consist of? heart rate in beats per minute

  24. A survey of 546 women found that more than 56% are the job of paying bills in their household. 9. Identify the population. all women 10. Identify the sample. 546 women 11. What does the data set consist of? Yes or No – Are you the primary person in your household who pays the bills?

  25. Parameter: P A numerical description of a population. * data from the population S Statistic: A numerical description of a sample. * data from a sample

  26. Is the fact a parameter or statistic? 12. The average income of all people in the U.S. in 2002. 13. The average income of people from three U.S. states in 2002. 14. A survey of a sample of workers reported their starting salary Statistic Parameter

  27. Is the fact a parameter or statistic? 15. Starting salaries for the 2005 graduates from USC 16. The number of students with Cingular cell phone service in a random check of classrooms Parameter Statistic

  28. Parameter: P A numerical description of a population. * data from the population Statistic: S A numerical description of a sample. * data from a sample why? Parameters are fixed in value, while statistics vary in value.

  29. Two Branches of Statistics 1)Descriptive Statistics * report the facts discovered in the survey 2) Inferential Statistics * use sample data to make conclusions about an entire population * estimation, prediction, probability

  30. Whole Population Available Find the average height of women 18 - 24 Collect Data POPULATION of women N = 130,000,000 Describe Population Descriptive Statistics

  31. Whole Population NOT Available Find the average height of women 18 - 24 Take Sample POPULATION of women N = 130,000,000 SAMPLE of women n = 1000 Collect Data Use sample to estimate description of population Inferential Statistics

  32. 17. 1000 U.S. teens were surveyed. 72% of the girls and 58% of the boys had after school jobs. Descriptive statistics: 72% of the girls and 58% of the boys had after school jobs. Inferential statistics: We predict that a higher percentage of teen girls have after school jobs.

  33. 18. In a recent survey of 1000 adults, 47% said using a cell phone while driving should be illegal. Descriptive statistics: 47% of 1000 U.S. adults believed that using a cell phone while driving should be illegal. Inferential statistics: Based on a recent survey, about half of the population believe that using a cell phone while driving should be illegal.

  34. It’s Time to Practice! Assignment 1.1

  35. Lesson 1-2 Types of Data You will learn to… * classify data * identify types of measurements

  36. Qualitative data Data that cannot be measured or counted characteristic or categorical Examples: gender, favorite class, religious preference, eye color, hair color, geographical location, zip code

  37. Quantitative data Data that can be measured or counted numerical data Examples: age, heights, weights, temperatures, grades, time, money

  38. Qualitative or Quantitative data? 1. ID numbers of the students in this class 2. temperature each day this week 3. jersey numbers of the players on a team 4. vehicle models 5. price of vehicles qualitative quantitative

  39. Nominal Data > list of categories, names, labels, or qualities > order (rank) cannot be assigned to the categories Examples: type of car you drive, your jersey number, college you want to attend, eye color, hair color, gender, zip code

  40. Ordinal Data > data that is ordered or ranked Examples: race outcomes (1st,2nd,3rd), grade (A,B,C,D), top 5 sports teams, rating (good, better, best)

  41. Decide whether the data is nominal or ordinal. Why? 1. highest level of education 2. marital status 3. zip code 4. rating for first impression of store ordinal nominal

  42. Discrete Data > countable > usually integers only – no decimals or fractions 9.9, 9.5, 8.8, 10.0, 9.3 Examples: number of courses you are taking, number of pairs of shoes you own, number of CDs you own, score at figure-skating competition cost of concert tickets

  43. Continuous Data > not countable > weight or measurement time is continuous Examples: weight of a bookbag, minutes it takes for you to get to school, inches of rain fall

  44. Decide whether the data is continuous or discrete. Why? 1. students wearing blue jeans 2. height of students 3. money each student has 4. weight of each bag of M&Ms continuous discrete

  45. nominal qualitative ordinal variable discrete quantitative continuous

  46. Lesson 1-3 Statistical Design You will learn to… * identify ways to collect data * identify ways to get a sample of the population for a study

  47. The goal of every study is to collect data and use it to make a decision. If the data collection process is flawed, then the results are not valid.

  48. Designing a Statistical Study 1) identify data of interest & identify population 2) develop a plan for collecting data 3) collect data 4) report descriptive statistics 5) report inferential statistics 6) identify any possible errors

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