Principles of Voice & Data

1. Principles of Voice & Data Lesson 3: Infrastructure Issues and Standards Bellevue Community College Bob Young, Instructor

2. Tip and Ring

3. Uptime (Reliability) • Typical standard is 99.999% • Slang term: "Five nines reliability" • Downtime = 5 min., 15 sec. / year

4. MTBF • Mean Time Between Failure • "Predicted" amount of time a device will function before it needs to be repaired or replaced • Downtime may occur for scheduled maintenance

5. ROI • Profit generated minus expense incurred • True ROI analysis requires capturing all costs: • maintenance • fuel, power • training • etc.

6. Environmental Issues • Temperature extremes (hot or cold) • Vibration and shock • Humidity (too dry or too damp) • Fire • Altitude (air pressure affects cooling) • Noise (humans beings are present)

7. EMC • Electromagnetic Compatibility • "It works fine - if you put it in a room all by itself!"

8. ESD Electrostatic Discharge Static Electricity Transient Transients

9. EMI • Electromagnetic Interference • Also creates transients • Compounded by having lots of equipment in the same room • Motors, pumps, fans/blowers

10. RFI Radio Frequency Interference A device may emit RF energy intentionally or unintentionally

11. EMI/RFI Suppression • Capacitors • Inductors • Line filters • Line filters are composed of inductors, capacitors, or both

12. Shielding • Shielding protects against EMI/RFI • Shielding is not part of the ground system, even if the shield is grounded • Often, shielding won't handle the amount of current that the ground must be able to handle.

13. Humidity • Mold • Corrosion • Reduced insulation • If it's too dry, the chance of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) increases

14. Personnel Safety #1 • Equipment rooms are often cramped • Tools • Loose clothing • Metal • Safety glasses (what other clothing?) • Working "solo"?

15. Personnel Safety #2 • Be observant: wet floors, corrosion, gas • Dust reduces electrical resistance, can be a fire hazard, is a respiratory concern, and can transport chemicals and bacteria • Pest control: rattlesnakes, wasps, black widow spiders...

16. Personnel Safety #3 • Where do you turn off the equipment? • Where is the main power cutoff? • Where is the fire alarm? • Where is firefighting equipment? • Where is the first aid kit? • Acid shower? • Water main shutoff valve?

17. Moving On... It's time to talk about Standards Organizations and Regulatory Bodies

18. NEBS Network Equipment Building System 3 Levels: Level 3 = Carrier Class Originally Bellcore Now Telcordia

19. NEBS Standards Documents • GR-63-CORE - Physical Environment • GR-1089-CORE - Electrical, EMI • GR-253 - SONET • GR-1221-CORE - Fiber Optic Networks • GR-326-CORE - Fiber Network Connections • GR-487 - Outdoor Equipment

20. BABT • Formerly "British Approvals Board for Telecommunications" • Formerly a government entity (UK) • Now a private corporation • Serves the European Union (EU)

21. BABT • BABT issues standards for telephony equipment • Standardized metering for billing phone calls • Evaluates business processes and quality control

22. "The product’s network connection has been assessed to meet relevant and recognized standards and the continuing compliance of the product is regularly assessed." BABT CNC

23. BABT PQ "This demonstrates that your quality system controlling production has been independently assessed by a radio and telecom terminal expert certification body."

24. BABT Blue Circle

25. BABT "Tick Mark"

26. Oftel • Regulates telecom in the UK • Licensing phone companies • Regulates phone numbers • Specified Numbering Scheme (SNS) • Regulates prices • Handles complaints • Not involved with physical equipment

27. ISO • International Organization for Standardization • From Greek, isos, meaning "equal" • Develops standards for connecting networks together

28. ITL Independent Testing Laboratory

29. ETSI • European Telecommunications Standards Institutes • EN Standards • EN 300 386: Electrical, EMI, RFI • EN 300 132: Standards for Power Supplies • EN 300 019: Environmental Concerns (for the equipment)

30. ETSI World Headquarters

31. FCC #1 • Federal Communications Commission • Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47 • Telecommunications • Radio Communications

32. FCC #2 • Class A device = okay for CO, won't cause interference • Class B device = approved for non-commercial, residential use

33. TIA Telecommunications Industry Association A private consortium of businesses

34. EIA Electronic Industries Alliance • Private organization • Not just telecom

35. BSI British Standards Institute A private consortium of businesses

36. Moving On... It's time to talk about Cables and Connectors

37. Cabling Procedures

38. UTP and STP • Wire Gauges • Twisted-pair Categories • Note: CAT 7 is not approved yet

39. IBM Cabling Standard

40. DCE and DTE • DCE • Data Communications Equipment • DTE • Data Terminal Equipment

41. RJ-45 Connector

42. EIA/TIA 568A & B

43. Crossover Cables

44. RS-232

45. Amphenol Connectors • 25 pair • 50 wires • Male and female connectors look very similar.

46. PVC & Plenum Cabling • Two options: • Pay for plenum cable • Pay for conduit

47. Securing the Equipment • Bolt it down • Ground it

48. BT Premise Wiring

49. BT Master Jack

50. BT431A Master Jack