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Chapter 16

Chapter 16. Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems. Functions of the cardiovascular system. Composed of the _______ & all blood vessels of the body Function is to _________ blood, thereby maintaining an internal environment in which all the cells of your body are nourished.

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Chapter 16

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  1. Chapter 16 Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems

  2. Functions of the cardiovascular system • Composed of the _______ & all blood vessels of the body • Function is to _________ blood, thereby maintaining an internal environment in which all the cells of your body are nourished

  3. Functions of the cardiovascular system • The heart pumps blood • Blood carries ___________ cells throughout your body to deliver ______ • At the same time carbon dioxide along with __________ is carried away from your body via blood cells

  4. Functions of the cardiovascular system • ________ is delivered to your lungs and waste products are sent to the ___________ to be removed from the body

  5. Structures of the cardiovascular system • The __________ and the ________ are perhaps the most important organs in your body • The heart is made of the ___________ which is what makes it pump • Your heart rate increases or decreases __________________ based on your physical activity

  6. Chambers of the heart • Your heart has ____ chambers • Right ________ • Left _________ • _______ Ventricle • _______ Ventricle • A wall of tissue separates the right & left atria called the __________ along with the right & left ventricles

  7. Chambers of the heart • The right __________ works as the natural __________ for the rest of the heart • Small electrical __________ force the atrium to contract therefore allowing blood to be pumped into the ventricles • Blood is then pumped out of the heart

  8. Chambers of the heart • When blood is flowing it can only flow _________________ • Once blood is pumped the valves close not allowing blood to pump back • The sound that you hear when your heart is beating is the sound of the __________ closing

  9. Circulation of the heart • Blood that has been ___________ but has carbon dioxide & waste is pumped back to the heart by 2 large blood vessels called the ______________ • _________________ blood enters the right atrium & is transferred to the right ventricle

  10. Circulation of the heart • Blood is then pumped to the _______ • Inside the lungs the blood drops the carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen • Newly _________________ blood is then returned to the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

  11. Circulation of the heart • The blood is then pumped from the left atrium into the ______ ventricle • Blood is then pumped out of the heart & into the rest of the body by way of the large artery called the ________

  12. Blood • Blood delivers oxygen, hormones, & nutrients to the cells & carries away waste that the cells produce • _______of your blood consists of ______ the fluid in which other parts of the blood are suspended

  13. Blood • Red blood cells make up about ____% of blood • White blood cells & platelets together make up the remaining 5% of blood • 1 ___________ of blood contains millions of each of these types of cells

  14. Red blood cells & White blood cells • _________ blood cells – transport oxygen to cells & parts of the body • Formed in bone marrow, they contain _______________ the oxygen-carrying protein in blood • Red blood cells also carry _________away from cells back to the lungs

  15. Red blood cells & White blood cells • __________ blood cells are made to protect our bodies against infection & fight off infection when it occurs • White blood cells are also produced in _______________________ • Production of white blood cells _____________ when an infection is present

  16. Blood vessels • You have more then _________ miles of blood vessels that transport blood • There are 3 main types of blood vessels • __________ • __________ • __________

  17. Arteries • They are blood vessels that carry blood ________ from the heart • They have thick elastic walls and contain smooth muscle fibers • ________________ arteries carry _________________ blood from the right ventricles to the lungs

  18. Arteries • _______ arteries, such as the ______, carry oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to all areas of the body • As arteries move away from the heart, they branch into progressively smaller vessels called _____________ • Arterioles deliver blood to __________

  19. Capillaries • Capillaries are small vessels that carry blood between _____________ and small vessels called ____________ • Capillaries form an _________________throughout tissues and organs in the body, reaching almost every body cell

  20. Veins • Veins are blood vessels that ________ blood to the heart • Vein walls are thinner and less elastic than those of arteries, veins are still able to withstand the pressure exerted by blood as it flows though them

  21. Platelets • Platelets are cells that __________ the body’s loss of blood • Platelets produce small thread-like fibers called _________

  22. Lymphatic System • This system also helps to fight infection & plays an important role to the bodies immunity to disease • ___________ is the clear fluid that fills the spaces around body cells • _______________ are specialized white blood cells that provide the body with immunity & protect the body against antibodies

  23. B Cells • B cells are ______________ that are stimulated to multiply when they are come in contact with a pathogen • Some B cells produce ________ cells, which produce ___________ that attack the pathogen, other produce memory cells

  24. T Cells • T cells are ___________ that are stimulated to enlarge & multiply when they encounter a pathogen. • There are ____ main types • _______ cells which stop the spread of disease • _______ cells aid in the activation of B cells & killer T cells

  25. Structure of the Lymphatic System • It consists of a network of vessels & tissues that are involved in the movement & filtering of lymph

  26. Care & Problems of the Cardiovascular System Lesson 2

  27. Health behaviors associated with good cardiovascular care • Follow a well balance diet that is low in saturated fats, cholesterol & salt • Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the heart, blood vessels, and lymph vessels • Participate in regular aerobic exercise for at least _____ minutes _____ times a week

  28. Health behaviors associated with good cardiovascular care • Avoid the use of tobacco products & exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke • Avoid _______ drugs, including stimulants, marijuana, & ecstasy

  29. Blood Pressure • Blood pressure is the measure of the amount of _______ that the blood places on the walls of the blood vessels

  30. Blood Pressure • As your heart contracts to push blood into your arteries, the maximum pressure, called __________ pressure is measured • As the ventricles relax to refill, blood pressure is at its lowest point, called the __________

  31. Cardiovascular System Problems • ______________ heart disease – a condition that is present at birth • Cardiovascular disease is actually a group of the cardiovascular systems that include _________, ______ disease, & __________

  32. Cardiovascular System Problems • Heart ________________ are abnormal sounds that are made as blood flows through the heart • __________ veins form if valves in the veins do not close tightly enough to prevent backflow of blood

  33. Cardiovascular System Problems • ______________ is a condition in which the ability of the blood to carry oxygen is reduced • The most common cause of anemia is ________ deficiency

  34. Cardiovascular System Problems • ____________ is a form of cancer in which any one of the different types of white blood cells is produces excessively and abnormally • ___________ is an inherited disorder in which the blood does not clot properly

  35. Lymphatic system problems • __________________occur when the immune system can no longer protect against infection • ____________ disease is a type of cancer that affects the lymph tissue • ______________ is an infection of the tonsils & can be common in children

  36. The Respiratory System Lesson 3

  37. Functions of the respiratory system • _________________ is the exchange of gases between the body and the environment

  38. Structure of the Respiratory System • Lungs are the ________ organs of the respiratory system & the site of the external respiration • The _____________ is the muscle that separates the chest from the abdominal cavity • The structure of the lungs can be compared to the structure of a ____________ tree

  39. The breathing process • The breathing process is made possible by creating a pressure of difference between the ________ and ______________________________ • When your lungs expand the pressure inside of them becomes ________ than the pressure outside your body

  40. Other Respiratory Structures • _________ – or throat • _________ - or windpipe • _________ – the airways that connect the trachea and the lungs

  41. The larynx & epiglottis • Neither of these are directly associated with the _____________ system but have important functions • ____________ or voice box connects the throat to the trachea • The _______________ is a flap of cartilage located above the larynx, it closes off the passageway to the larynx & trachea when you swallow

  42. Care & Problems of the Respiratory System Lesson 4

  43. Health Behaviors & the Respiratory System • Your nasal passageway contains ________ & ________ that help to prevent particles from entering your body • However, your respiratory system is still ___________ • Asthma, Cancer can result from air pollution being let into your body

  44. Respiratory System Problems • ______________ – is an inflammation of the bronchi causes by infection or exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke or air pollution • _______________ an inflammation of the lungs commonly caused by a bacterial or viral infection

  45. Respiratory System Problems • _______________ an inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest cavity • ____________ an inflammatory condition in which the trachea, bronchi, & bronchioles become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing

  46. Respiratory System Problems • ____________ an inflammation of the tissues that line the sinuses • _______________ is a contagious bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs • ________________ is a disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli

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