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America Struggles With Postwar Issues

Chapter 12.1. America Struggles With Postwar Issues. By: Sareen Ali, Madison Morrissey, Jesse Pak, Tiaundra Clarke, Eliza Gunn. Postwar Trends . Nativism: prejudice against foreign-born people Isolationism: policy pulling away from involvement in world affairs.

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America Struggles With Postwar Issues

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  1. Chapter 12.1 America Struggles With Postwar Issues By: Sareen Ali, Madison Morrissey, Jesse Pak, Tiaundra Clarke, Eliza Gunn

  2. Postwar Trends • Nativism: prejudice against foreign-born people • Isolationism: policy pulling away from involvement in world affairs

  3. Communism • An economic and political system based on a single-party government ruled by a dictatorship. • Involved in Red Scare • Most Americans did not support this idea

  4. The Red Scare • After WWI and the Bolshevik Revolution. • Nationwide fear of communists, socialists and anarchist. • Waving a "red" flag, Communists cried out for a world-wide revolution (abolish capitalism) • Radicals and members of the IWW formed the Communist Party. • Several dozen bombs were mailed to the government, so General Mitchell Palmer took action.

  5. Palmer Raids • Palmer, Hoover and their agents hunted down suspected Communists, socialists and anarchists. • Anarchists were people who oppose any form of judgement. • They trampled civil rights and invaded private homes and offices; hundreds of foreign-born radicals were deported. • The raids failed to turn up revolutionary conspiracy.-

  6. ^^^^ Cartoon showing how Palmer Raids in US help point out the traitors

  7. Sacco and Vanzetti • Nicola Sacco- Shoemaker and Bartolomeo Vanzetti-Fish peddler • They were foreign-born anarchist who both evaded the war draft. • In May 1920, they were charged and arrested for the robbery and murder of a factory paymaster and his guard. • They asserted their innocence and provided alibis; the evidence was circumstantial • Sacco and Vanzetti were still found guilty and sentenced to death.

  8. Sacco Vanzetti case representation

  9. Limiting Immigration • "Keep America for Americans" nativist sentiment • Immigrants were willing to work for low wages • Americans felt threatened for jobs • Nativist feelings fueled by immigrants • Immigrants who were anarchists and socialists, were thought to be communists

  10. Ku Klux Klan • Formed as a result of Red Scare • Used anti-communism as an excuse • "100% Americanism" favored white males and native born citizens • "Keep blacks in their place" and take Catholics, Jews, and foreign-born people out of the country • Used racial violence and secret rituals to recruit - 4.5 million people by 1924

  11. Quota System • Number of immigrants = 600% • Emergency Quota Act of 1921 • Quota System: system that established max. immigrants that entered US • Cut european immigration • Law reduced number from 2% of nationals to 150,000 people

  12. Strikes • The American Federation of Labor (AFL) pledged to avoid strikes during the war • However in 1919, more than 3,000 strikes occurred • Employers did not want to give raises or lower hours • Employers labeled striking workers as Communists

  13. Boston Police Strike • Had not been given a strike since the beginning of WWI. • Calvin Coolidge called out the National Guard • New policemen were hired instead • People praised Coolidge from saving Boston from communism and anarchy

  14. Steel Mill Strike • Wanted the right to negotiate for shorter hours & higher wage • Companies hired strikebreakers • Linked the strikers to Communists • 1923, Companies agreed to 8-hour workday

  15. Coal Miners Strike • United Mine Workers get new leader -John L. Lewis • Protest of low wages and long workdays • Palmer got court order to get miners back to work • Lewis declared it over but quietly continued • Miners got 27% increase • and Lewis=national hero

  16. Labor Movement • Labor movements hurt in 1920's • Membership dropped 1.5 million because... • work force had immigrants willing to work in poor conditions • language barrier = organization difficulties • migrated farmers were used to relying on self • most unions excluded African Americans • 3% whites were union members->1% Blacks • Some black unions • mine workers', longshoremen's, railroad porters • Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters • A. Philip Randolph • help gain a fair wage

  17. Warren G. Harding Ch.12.2 • Keep America out of Foreign Affairs • Provide Businesses with tax relief

  18. Kellogg Briand Pact • Outlaw war as an instrument of national policy • More than 60 countries sign pact

  19. Fordney-McCumber Tariff • Raised American tariffs to protect factories and farms • Farmers believe it caused agricultural depression – losing more than $300 million annually

  20. Dawes Plan • Series of financial reforms implemented in Germany (new taxes, massive loans) • France agrees to evacuate forces from Ruhr

  21. Andrew Mellon • Secretary of the Treasury – 3rd longest tenure of almost 11 years • Mellon’s plan was based on tax decreases and improved government efficiency

  22. Charles Forbes • Veterans Bureau Scandal

  23. Ohio Gang • Scandalous group of politicians who abused their power as Harding’s cabinet members

  24. Teapot Dome Scandal • Albert Fall, Secretary of the Interior, illegally leases Teapot Dome oil reserves to two other companies • Fall receives “gifts” totaling close to $400,000 from oilmen

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