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Multi-functional bioresorbable coatings with biofilm inhibition and optimal implant fixation

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Multi-functional bioresorbable coatings with biofilm inhibition and optimal implant fixation

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    4. 4 Development of innovative, multi-functional bioactive and anti-inflammatory coatings on Ti6Al4V

    5. 5 The project focused on acetabular cups, glenoids and humeral bodies of inverse shoulder implants and dental implants provided by LIMA and HeliPro.

    6. 6 State-of-the-art vacuum plasma sprayed coatings were used as a reference throughout the project. This technique is commercially applied by Alhenia, a leading provider of medical instruments and implants.

    7. 7 An increased surface roughness improves the implant stability, but also increases the risk of biofilm formation. Viable cells (green) tend to spread throughout the porous coating.

    8. 8 A new biomedical grade titanium alloy was developed with advantageous microstructure, excellent biocompatibility, and without aluminium or vanadium!

    9. 9 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) EPD of particle stabilised emulsions and/or suspensions followed by classical vacuum sintering or vacuum microwave sintering creates a porous Ti mask with an average porosity of 50% and pores ranging from 10-60 µm, improving mechanical interlocking, i.e. biological implant fixation.

    10. 10 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) EPD of particle stabilised emulsions and/or suspensions followed by classical vacuum sintering or vacuum microwave sintering creates a porous Ti mask with an average porosity of 50% and pores ranging from 10-60 µm, improving mechanical interlocking, i.e. biological implant fixation.

    11. 11 Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) Additional application of bioactive glass enhances the bioactive fixation of the implant

    12. 12 Hydrothermal treatment Provides a bioactive TiO2 layer, which promotes HAp formation, exhibits a photocatalytic effect enabling sterilisation by UV-light and prevents leaching of metal ions into the body.

    13. 13 Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) Creates a titania-based amorphous coating with incorporated calcium phosphates, which acts as a biocompatible top coating for implants with a porous Ti layer for cementless fixation. The highly hydrophylic nature of the coating reduces biofilm formation.

    14. 14 Sol-gel synthesis Sol-gel synthesis of bioactive glass enables coating the internal surface of a porous Ti coating without filling the voids completely (left). As an alternative, the porous structure can be infiltrated with bioactive glass prepared by the particulate sol-gel method (right).

    15. 15 Spraying of anti-microbial coatings An active anti-microbial coating, which releases an antibiotic drug during more than 2 weeks, was sprayed on top to avoid infection and biofilm formation.

    16. 16 Microbial interaction Microbial interaction results in biofilm formation and thus difficult to treat biomaterial-related infections. The influence of various substrate-coating systems on biofilm formation was studied. The importance of the composition and physico-chemical properties of the coating like roughness, porosity, interconnective pore channel size and hydrophobicity were analysed.

    17. 17 Mechanical characterisation of coating-substrates Constant Depth scratch procedure to measure the shear adhesion stress along thick substrate-coating interfaces (> 30 µm). For thin coatings (< 5 µm), AFM was successfully incorporated and combined with a mathematical model correlating the force deformation components.

    18. 18 In vitro and in vivo evaluation In vitro evaluation to investigate the biocompatibility and cell/material interactions of powders and various substrate-coating systems to evaluate the osteogenic potential. A short and long term in vivo study was performed, to evaluate the bone response of porous Ti coatings combined with different bioactive and anti-microbial coatings.

    19. 19 For further information: Visit www.meddelcoat.eu Project coordinator Prof. Dr. Ir. Jef Vleugels Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering (MTM) Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, B-3001 Heverlee (Belgium) Phone: +32 16 32 12 44 Fax: +32 16 32 19 92 E-mail: jozef.vleugels@mtm.kuleuven.be

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