Types of Energy

1. Types of Energy A Powerpoint slide show adapted by Mr. Zindman

2. Mechanical Energy You can learn the difference between kinetic and potential energy. Kinetic energy is energy of motion. An object can have potential energy because of its position. Any object that is moving or has the potential to move has mechanical energy.

3. Mechanical Energy A roller coaster is a good example of mechanical energy. Mechanical energy is present in any object that is moving or has the potential to move. There are two types of mechanical energy. The first type, kinetic energy, is easy to see. Any moving object has kinetic energy. The faster a roller coaster moves, the more kinetic energy it has.

4. The second type, potential energy, is energy that is stored in an object's position. As a roller coaster is pulled to the top of the first hill, it stores potential energy. As it falls, potential energy is changed to kinetic energy. Later, when the coaster climbs another hill, it slows down. This is because kinetic energy is changed to potential energy.

5. Heat Energy Heat is a type of kinetic energy. In conduction, heat is transferred by colliding molecules. In convection, heat is transferred in currents through a liquid or a gas. In radiation, heat is transferred by electromagnetic waves.

6. I am melting because heat is being transferred inside of me! Heat moves, or flows, from warmer objects to cooler ones. Heat keeps moving until both objects are at the same temperature. In this process, the warmer object loses heat energy and the cooler object gains heat energy.

7. Light Energy The electromagnetic spectrum is the entire range of visible and invisible electromagnetic waves. The visible spectrum is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can see. Light bends, or refracts, when it passes from one material to another.

8. Light bends when it moves from one material into another. This is called refraction. Refraction can cause a spoon or pencil in a glass of water to appear bent. Refraction can also cause underwater objects, such as fish, to appear closer to the viewer than they really are.

9. Other objects, such as books, absorb and reflect light energy. Reflected light energy allows you to see an object. When you read a book, light reflects off a page into your eyes.

10. Sound Energy A vibration is a repeating motion up and down or back and forth. A sound wave is a disturbance in a material that transmits energy without moving the material very far. Click the tuning fork to go to a link

11. Gently place your palm against the front of your neck. Hum softly. What do you feel? You feel the vibration of your vocal cords. As you hum, talk, sing, shout, cry, and so on, your vocal cords vibrate. Almost any vibrating object produces sound waves. Waves are disturbances that transmit energy through a material. The vibration of your vocal cords produces sound waves in the air. These waves carry sound energy away from their source. Feel the sound vibrations

12. What is Electricity? Everything in the world is made up of atoms. Each atom has smaller parts in it. One of those parts is called electrons. Electrons can move from atom to atom. When an electron moves to a different atom, it causes another electron to have to move.When electrons move quickly from one atom to another is it called Electricity!

13. Inside an atom, electrons have a negative charge and protons have a positive charge. These particles attract each other. A charge is a measure of the extra positive or negative particles that an object has.

14. Electrical Energy Electrical energy can be transferred in a circuit. Electric current flows easily through conductors. A conductor is a material that current can pass through easily, like metals such as copper. Electrical energy has many purposes and is very useful. It can be transformed into almost any other form of energy. Many devices in a home are designed to convert electrical energy into other forms of energy. Electric lamps produce light energy. Radios produce sound energy. Ovens, irons, and toasters transform electrical energy into heat. Other devices, including fans and can openers, convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. My X-Box needs electricity!

15. All of the devices that depend on electrical energy contain circuits. A circuit is an unbroken path through which electric current can flow. The path is often copper wire, which is a good conductor-a material through which current can flow easily. A circuit transfers electrical energy from a power source to a device that converts electrical energy into another form of energy. Circuit

16. A series circuit is a circuit that has only one path for the current. A parallel circuit has more than one path for current to travel. Two Types of Circuits

17. Lights in our homes are wired in parallel circuits. parallel circuit (wire)

18. Resistor • A resistor is a material that resists, but doesn’t stop the flow of current.

19. Insulator • An insulator is a material that current cannot pass through easily, like plastic. The plastic covering over the cord is an insulator

20. Static Electricity Static electricityis the charge that stays on an object. Unlike charges attract each other, and like charges repel each other.

21. Electric Cell • An electric cell supplies energy to move charges through a circuit, like a battery.

22. The steady flow of electricity is called an electric current. A current will move along a wire or a path called a circuit. Circuit means to “go around.” A Simple Circuit

23. The End Adapted by Mr. Zindman