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BIOMETRICS

Uncover the history, types, advantages, and applications of biometrics for efficient identity management. Discover the evolution from Bertillonage to modern methods like Fingerprint, Facial, Iris, and Voice Recognition.

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BIOMETRICS

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  1. BIOMETRICS By: Lucas Clay and Tim Myers

  2. Biometrics are a method of uniquely identifying a person based on physical or behavioral traits. • In Computer Science, they are used as a form of identity access management and access control. WHAT IS IT?

  3. The first type of biometrics, bertillonage, came about in 1890, created by an anthropologist named Alphonse Bertillon. • He based his system on the claim that measurement of adult bones does not change after the age of 20. • The method consisted of identifying people by taking various body measurements like a person’s height, arm length, length and breadth of the head, the length of different fingers, the length of forearms, etc. using calipers. • The methodology was unreliable as non-unique measurements allowed multiple people to have same results, decreasing the accuracy and hence is no longer used. HISTORY

  4. Universality – each person shares the same physiology. • Uniqueness – each person has their own unique traits. • Permanence – most things do not change over time, like fingerprints, retinas, etc. • Collectability – easy to aquire data. • Performance – accuracy, speed, and robustness of technology used. • Acceptability – publicly accepted. • Circumvention – difficult to forge. WHY USE IT?

  5. The biometric system can operate in two modes: • Verification – A one to one comparison of a captured biometric with a stored template to verify that the individual is who he claims to be. Can be done in conjunction with a smart card, username or ID number. • Identification – A one to many comparison of the captured biometric against a biometric database in attempt to identify an unknown individual. The identification only succeeds in identifying the individual if the comparison of the biometric sample to a template in the database falls within a previously set threshold. BIOMETRIC SYSTEM

  6. Fingerprint Recognition • Facial Recognition • Iris Recognition • Voice Recognition • Others TYPES

  7. Involves taking an image of a person's fingertips and records its characteristics like whorls, arches, and loops along with the patterns of ridges, furrows, and minutiae. • Advantages: Easy to use, large database of fingerprints, multiple fingers. • Disadvantages: Age can impede recognition. FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION

  8. Technique records face images through a digital video camera and analyses facial characteristics like the distance between eyes, nose, mouth, and jaw edges. These measurements are broken into facial planes and retained in a database, further used for comparison. • Advantages: Cameras are common and there is no physical contact needed. • Disadvantages: Sensitive to expressions, faces can be obstructed, lighting can be bad, and age can change how people look. FACIAL RECOGNITION

  9. Analyzes features like rings, furrows, and freckles existing in the colored tissue surrounding the pupil. The scans use a regular video camera and works through glasses and contact lenses. The image of the iris can be directly taken by making the user position his eye within the field of a single narrow-angle camera. This is done by observing a visual feedback via a mirror. • Advantages: No physical contact needed, iris is stable through aging, and it is less prone to injury. • Disadvantages: Difficult to capture iris image for some people. IRIS RECOGNITION

  10. Combines physiological and behavioral factors to produce speech patterns that can be captured by speech processing technology. Inherent properties of the speaker like fundamental frequency, nasal tone, cadence, inflection, etc. are used for speech authentication. • Advantages: Inexpensive and easy to use. • Disadvantages: Sensitive to background noise, voice can be duplicated, illness and aging change the voice. VOICE RECOGNITION

  11. Hand Geometry • Retina Recognition • Facial Thermography • Vascular Patterns • Keystroke Patterns • Signature/Handwriting Recognition OTHER FORMS

  12. National security • Secure banking • Health services • Passports/Travel • Employee recognition • Elections • Building or secure location access • Access to computer systems • Law enforcement • Consumer/Retail APPLICATIONS

  13. QUESTIONS?

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