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Evaluating the Quick Fix: Weight Loss Drugs and Cellular Respiration

This article evaluates the effects of weight loss drugs on cellular respiration and energy production. It includes data analysis and interpretation to make informed decisions about the safety of these drugs.

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Evaluating the Quick Fix: Weight Loss Drugs and Cellular Respiration

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  1. Evaluating the Quick Fix: Weight Loss Drugs and Cellular Respiration Pamela L. Freeman, Jennifer A. Maki, Kara R. Thoemke, Monica H. Lamm, and Clark R. Coffman

  2. Objectives • Explain how the energy from sugars is transformed into ATP via cellular respiration. • Predict an outcome if there is a perturbation in a cellular pathway. • State and evaluate a hypothesis. • Interpret data from a graph, and use that data to make inferences about the action of a drug. • Please sit with your group, • have your clicker ready, • have your homework in hand, and • pack your phone and computer away

  3. [Prompt your students that today they will: • Work in groups to apply their knowledge of cellular respiration. • Interpret data from primary literature. • Evaluate and make a decision about the safety of a weight loss drug. • and that it is expected they might feel challenged by the activities.]

  4. Mitochondria NADH Citric acid cycle NADH ATP Cellular Respiration Image adapted from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitochondrial_electron_transport_chain.png Acetyl CoA Pyruvate GTP CO2 Glycolysis Glucose

  5. Figure 1. Mean (+SE) glucose oxidation (pmol/min/mg) in myotubulecell cultures grown without drug (control) or in the presence of2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) (p < 0.01; n = 8 replicates). Data adapted from: Gaster, M. 2007. Biochimica et BiophysicaActa. 1772: 755-765.

  6. Q1. Determine and summarize what happens to glucose oxidation rate with DNP. • [Other areas of discussion for Figure 1: • What other information can be gleaned from the figure and caption? • Explain the meaning of: • rate • P-value • standard error] • Q2.Draw in your predicted concentration of ATP for question 2 and explain your answer.

  7. Figure 2. Mean (+SE) ATP levels (normalized to control) in myotubulecell cultures grown without drug (control) or in the presence of 2,4-dinitrophenol(DNP) (n = 3 replicates) Figure 1. Mean (+SE) glucose oxidation (pmol/min/mg) in myotubulecell cultures grown without drug (control) or in the presence of2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) (p < 0.01; n = 8 replicates). Data adapted from: Gaster, M. 2007. Biochimica et BiophysicaActa. 1772: 755-765.

  8. Q2. What did you predict would happen to the ATP levels in the cells exposed to DNP? • Stay the same • Increase • Decrease

  9. Figure 2. Mean (+SE) ATP levels (normalized to control) in myotubulecell cultures grown without drug (control) or in the presence of 2,4-dinitrophenol(DNP) (p< 0.05; n = 3 replicates) Figure 1. Mean (+SE) glucose oxidation (pmol/min/mg) in myotubulecell cultures grown without drug (control) or in the presence of2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) (p < 0.01; n = 8 replicates). Data Adapted from: Gaster, M. 2007. Biochimica et BiophysicaActa. 1772: 755-765.

  10. Q3. What hypotheses explain the results in Figure 2? [List here or on the board all the different hypotheses generated by students.]

  11. [Before discussion of the mechanism of DNP, ask a question to make sure students are thinking.] In which area of the mitochondria will the pH be higher? • Intermembranespace • Matrix [Insert a textbook image of a mitochondrion with the electron transport chain, protons being pumped, etc.]

  12. How does DNP work? - - H+ H+ [Use this slide to explain the mechanism of DNP. Alternatively, build a similar slide using the next side and images from your textbook.]

  13. How does DNP work? [Insert a textbook image of a mitochondrion with the electron transport chain, protons being pumped, etc. Use this slide to explain the mechanism of DNP. The mitochondrion image should be positioned so that the custom animation results in the movement of the DNP molecules into the matrix.] H+ - - H+

  14. Q4. Given this data and what you’ve learned, what advice would you give Miguel? • Take the DNP • Don’t take the DNP

  15. Q5. Where does the weight go when someone loses weight?

  16. This figure is the basis for the homework assignment. Cellular Respiration Image adapted from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitochondrial_electron_transport_chain.png

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