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Cryogenic and Superconducting Technologies for 3.2 MW Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Propulsion

Cryogenic and Superconducting Technologies for 3.2 MW Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Propulsion. T.J. Haugan 1 , G.Y. Panasyuk 2 1 Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RQQM, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433 2 UES Inc., Dayton OH 45432. (1.55 MW). (1.8 MW ). (2.6 MW). (3.2 MW). (1.8 MW).

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Cryogenic and Superconducting Technologies for 3.2 MW Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Propulsion

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  1. Cryogenic and Superconducting Technologies for 3.2 MW Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Propulsion T.J. Haugan1, G.Y. Panasyuk2 1Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RQQM, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433 2UES Inc., Dayton OH 45432 (1.55 MW) (1.8 MW) (2.6 MW) (3.2 MW) (1.8 MW) (3.2 MW) 3.2 MW Aircraft deHavillandDash 8 3.2 MW Drivetrains (2.8 GJ) 70 kW Chevy-Volt Style Drivetrain, Siemens DA36 E-Star de Havilland BombadierDash 8: DHC-8-100 series (Canada) 70 kW Electric Motor and Drivetrain • “Similar to General Motors' Chevy Volt drive train, the DA36 E-Star uses a serial hybrid electric drive train…” • - “Siemens scientists …are currently working on a new electric motor that is expected to be five times lighter than conventional drives. In two years, another aircraft is expected to be equipped with an ultra-light electric drive.” http://www.siemens.com/ 3.2 MW Prius-Style Drivetrain Pratt-Whitney PW110, 1.4 MW continuous - PW121 Mass = 425 kg - Power = 1.603 MW continuous - Power density = 3.77 kW/kg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_Canada_PW100 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardier_Dash_8prop 3 MW Components 3 MW Generators (227 MJ) Cryo 4x lighter 0.2 MW Cu-Wire (Tesla Inc.) www.motortrend.com GOTCHA: Weight reduced > 10x * Assume power density = 4 kW/kg ** Energy density = 400 Wh/kg GOTCHA: Heat loss reduced > 100x Cryo 60% longer range 1-35 MW ½-Superconductor (General Electric-MEPS) 1-30 MW Full- Superconducting (NASA-Glenn) 3.2 MW Chevy-Volt-Style Drivetrain GOTCHA: Risk factor low for Cryo Machines * Assume Turbo-Braytoncryocooler 30% efficient, and power density = 3 kw/Kg *J. Felder, et al, NASA-Glenn, ISABE_ 2011_1340 3 MW Li-Batteries Energy densities = 400 Wh/kg achieved ! Cryo 3x lighter www.motortrend.com Rangeelec= [Range-Maxgas]/Fuel-Maxgas]*FuelBattery*[ƞelec/ Ƞgas]; where Ƞ = drivetrain efificiency http://enviasystems.com * Assume power density = 4 kW/kg ** Battery energy density = 400 Wh/kg - Electric Cu-wire drivetrain efficiency = 90% (Tesla motors = 88%) - Combustion efficiency = 29% - HTS drivetrain efficiency = 99% - Electric cost = $1.8 per gal equiv. ($0.054/kW-h, Dayton Sept 2013) - JP-8 Fuel = $3.12 per gal (2012 avg) Rangecryo-elec~10% Rangegas Fuel Cost 6x lower Summary • The major components of 3.2 MW drivetrains were considered for both cryogenic and Cu-wire, however the associated power electronics and mechanical gearing were not estimated yet. • A Prius style drive-train is 4x lighter for cryogenic than Cu-wire. • A Chevy-volt style drive-train with cryogenic components is estimated to be 3x lighter, increasing the range for cruise in electric drive 2x and reducing fuel cost 3x. • Calculations • Cruise speed = 500 km/hr • Electric-drivetrain efficiency = 90% (Tesla Motors = 88%) • Power use = 22% of 3.2 MW DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited.

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