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Synchrotron Option

Synchrotron Option. Weiren Chou March 15 , 2005. Proton Driver Study II (PD2) Synchrotron Group. Outline. Introduction Machine layout Parameters Overview of technical systems Improvement of the existing linac Comment on the MI front porch Conclusions. Introduction.

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Synchrotron Option

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  1. Synchrotron Option Weiren Chou March 15 , 2005

  2. Proton Driver Study II (PD2) Synchrotron Group W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  3. Outline • Introduction • Machine layout • Parameters • Overview of technical systems • Improvement of the existing linac • Comment on the MI front porch • Conclusions W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  4. Introduction • Two iterations of the synchrotron design, both charged by the director and documented. • PD1, 16 GeV, published in TM-2136 (Dec 2000) • PD2, 8 GeV, published in TM-2169 (May 2002) • A number of design proposals in PD1 and PD2 will be implemented in the Proton Plan for Booster improvement, including dual-harmonic resonant power supply, large aperture RF and collimators. • PD2 also includes 2 MW Main Injector upgrades. Many of them also become part of the Proton Plan, e.g., large aperture quads (WQB), gamma-t jump, collimators, dual power amplifier RF, etc. • Space charge study initiated in PD1 and PD2 has become part of Fermilab’s intellectual assets, filling a hole in the AP group. W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  5. Proton Driver Study I: 16 GeV W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  6. Proton Driver Study II: 8 GeV W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  7. Scope of 8 GeV Design • A new 8-GeV rapid cycling synchrotron replacing the Booster • Beam intensity increased by a factor of 5 • Beam power increased by a factor of 15 • A new linac extension of 200 MeV (to bring the linac energy to 600 MeV) • A modest improvement of the existing H- source and 400 MeV linac • New 600 MeV and 8 GeV transport lines • New enclosures W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  8. Parameters W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  9. Design Considerations • Large magnet aperture (good field region 4 in  6 in) • Space reserved between the linac and ring for future linac energy upgrade • The tunnel is twice as deep (27 ft.; no buildings on top) • Transition free (t = 13.8) • Small beta- and dispersion functions (15.1/20.3 m, 2.5 m) • RF cavity aperture 5 in. • RF cavity in dispersion-free straight sections • Thin metallic beam pipe reinforced by spiral ribs • AC correctors with sufficient strength throughout the cycle • Phase space painting during multi-turn injection • Dual harmonic magnet power supply for 25% RF power reduction • Two-stage collimator system for keeping uncontrolled beam loss below 1 W/m W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  10. Layout • Racetrack shape • 2 arcs, 2 straights • Each arc with 5 modules • Each module with 3 doublet cells • Straight sections for injection, extraction and RF • Plenty space for diagnostics in the arcs and straights W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  11. Lattice Arc module • Transition-free • Dispersion-free straight sections • Arc module: doublet 3-cell structure with a short dipole in the mid-cell • Phase advance per module 0.8 and 0.6, respectively, in h- and v-plane W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  12. Space Charge x-y plot of the multi-turn injection beam cross section • Codes available at Fermilab: • ESME (J. MacLachlan) • ORBIT (J. Holmes et. al) • Track2D (C. Prior) • Synergia (P. Spentzouris) with s.c. without s.c. W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  13. Magnet Quadrupole Dipole Stranded conductors Standard conductors with parallel connection W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  14. Dual Harmonic Power Supply • B2 = 12.5% B1 • Peak RF power ( dI/dt) reduced by 25% • Test at E4R DC 15 Hz 30 Hz B(t) = B0 - B1 cos (2ft) + B2 sin(4ft) W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  15. Dual Harmonic Current (0%, 9%, 18%) dI/dt Current I W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  16. RF • Booster RF will be reused with modifications: • To increase the aperture from 2-1/4 in to 5 in • To increase the gap voltage from 55 kV to 66 kV • Two cavities have been modified and installed in the Booster W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  17. Beam Pipe • Fermilab invention: thin metallic pipe reinforced by spiral ribs • Aperture: 4 in  6 in oval • Material: Inconel 718 • Wall thickness: 8 mils (0.2 mm) • Spiral ribs: rectangular cross-section, width 28 mils, height 18 mils, 10 layers (total height 0.18 inch) • Welding technique: laser deposition W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  18. Tunnel Elevation W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  19. Improvement of Existing Linac (116 MeV) Alpha magnet 116 MeV RFQ new DTL new CCL existing CCL W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  20. Comment on the MI Front Porch 1 sec MI cycle (D. Wolff) • One disadvantage of the synchrotron option was the 0.34 sec front porch in the MI cycle • However, the new landscape in Fermilab’s future makes Recycler available as a proton accumulator after 2009 • Synchrotron injection time to the MI could be reduced to near zero • Furthermore, with modest improvement in power supply and RF, we can get 1 sec MI cycle 0.34 s 1 s W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

  21. Conclusions • Work started in 1998, the synchrotron design uses proven technology and has been reviewed numerous times (one internal, three AAC, FARDOG, Snowmass 2001, HB2002, various workshops, etc.). For example, one AAC report reads: “This design is very sound and essentially complete. The team is to be congratulated for the many innovative ideas and concepts that are being developed to improve performance parameters and reduce cost.” • However, linac option has the unique advantage of using the same technology of the ILC and will also provide more opportunities to the lab’s future • If the cost differential between the two options is considered to be acceptable, we should go for the linac W. Chou - Proton Driver Director's Review

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