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Apuverbien tehtävä on auttaa

Apuverbien tehtävä on auttaa. Apuverbit toimivat rakennuspalikoina erilaisissa verbirakenteissa. I must stay at home tonight. I don’t want to upset my parents any further. Niiden paikka lauseessa ilmaisee, onko kyseessä kysymys vai väite. Do you get along with your parents?

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Apuverbien tehtävä on auttaa

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  1. Apuverbien tehtävä on auttaa • Apuverbit toimivat rakennuspalikoina erilaisissa verbirakenteissa. I must stayat home tonight. I don’t want to upset my parents any further. • Niiden paikka lauseessa ilmaisee, onko kyseessä kysymys vai väite. Do you get along with your parents? Is your Dad angry with you? • Not-sanan lyhenne n’t liitetään aina apuverbiin

  2. Kahdenlaisia apuverbejä • Taipumattomat (=modaaliset) apuverbit esiintyvät verbirakenteissa vain pääverbin kanssa. I can’t call you because Mom may hear me. • BE, HAVE ja DO taipuvat persoonissa ja aikamuodoissa. Ne voivat toimia myös pääverbinä. I am very upset! I once had a dog.

  3. Modaalisilla apuverbeillä ei ole kaikkia muotoja • will would • shall should ought to • can could • may might • must

  4. am, are, is was, were has been, have been had been will be would be would have been should be … has, have had has had, have had had had will have would have would have had should have … Be ja have taipuvat kaikissa aikamuodoissa ja persoonissa

  5. Kiertoilmaisut • Koska can ja may verbeillä on vain kaksi muotoa (could ja might) ja must verbillä vain yksi muoto, on muut muodot ilmaistava muilla keinoin. • Be able to (=kyetä, pystyä, osata) Myös: manage to, know how to ym. • Be allowed to (=saada lupa) Myös: be permitted to • Have to (=pitää, täytyä) Myös: need to, be forced to, be compelled to, be obliged to

  6. CAN eri merkityksiä: • Osata, voida, kyetä, pystyä I can’t call you until I get my new mobile.  I won’t be able to call you… 2) Saada lupa I can’t go out tonight, because I’m grounded.  I’m not allowed to go out… 3) Olla mahdollista You can’t be serious!

  7. MAY eri merkityksiä: • Saada lupa May I answer the phone, please? (lupa läsnäolijoilta) Is it allowed to use a mobile here? (yleiset säännöt) 2) Saattaa, ehkä I may be a bit late. I might pop in for a while. Huom! Maybe = ehkä (may + be yhteen!)

  8. MUST eri merkityksiä • Pitää, täytyä, olla pakko I must go now. I have to be back by eight. • Varmaankin You must be fed up with your parents! Huom! Mustn’t = ei saa Don’t have to = ei tarvitse

  9. Be able to / Be allowed to + verbin perusmuoto • BE taipuu, muut osat pysyvät samoina am/are/is was/were have been / has been + ALLOWED TO / had been ABLE TO + infinitiivi will be… I haven’t been able to sleep lately. I will be allowed to stay out until eleven on Fridays.

  10. Have to • HAVE taipuu, to + verbin perusmuoto pysyy samana. have / has had have had / has had + TO + infinitiivi had had will have… Did you have to please your elders when you were young? I had to buy another ticket for my little sister.

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