Improving Outcomes for Minnesota’s Crossover Youth Implementation of the CYPM Brainerd, MN

1. Improving Outcomes for Minnesota’s Crossover Youth Implementation of the CYPM Brainerd, MN February 21, 2013

2. Crossover Youth = Youth who have experienced maltreatment and engaged in delinquency. Dually-Involved Youth = A subgroup of crossover youth who are simultaneously receiving services, at any level, from both the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. Dually-Adjudicated Youth = A subgroup of dually involved youth, encompassing only those youth who are concurrently adjudicated by both the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. Crossover Youth: Key Definitions

3. Identifying Dually-Involved Youth: At Least Four Different Pathways Child Welfare..…………….……………………………………....Juvenile Justice A youth in the child welfare system who is subsequently charged with delinquency A youth entering the delinquency system with previous (but not current) contact with the child protective system A youth entering the delinquency system who is being maltreated but has no previous or current contact with the child welfare system A youth who enters the child welfare system for placement following JJ confinement because no other option is available

4. The Research & Characteristics of Crossover Youth • At least five studies have examined crossover youth characteristics (Herz & Ryan 2008b; Widom & Maxfield 2001; Halemba, Siegel, Lord, & Zawacki 2004; Kelley, Thornberry, & Smith 1997; Saeturn & Swain, 2009). • Although these studies are not identical in their methodology, they all examine characteristics of crossover youth and report a tremendous amount of similarity. • All provide evidence that childhood abuse and neglect are associated with an increased risk of crime and violence; it is important to highlight though that this relationship is neither inevitable nor deterministic. 4

5. Updating the Research Characteristics of Crossover Youth www.ncjj.org

6. A practice model is a conceptual map and organizational ideology that includes definitions and explanations regarding how staff partner with families, service providers, and other stakeholders in the delivery of services to achieve positive outcomes for youth and their families. 6

7. Overarching Goals of the CYPM • Reduction in the number of youth placed in out-of-home care • Reduction in the use of congregate care • Reduction in the disproportionate representation of children of color • Reduction in the number of youth crossing over and/or becoming dually-adjudicated 7

8. Supporting Practice Goals Reduction of the use of pre-adjudication detention Increased use of diversion Reduction of the number of youth reentering child welfare from juvenile justice placements Improvement in pro-social bonds Reduction in recidivism

9. Supporting Process Goals • To increase the use of interagency information-sharing • To increase the use of “joint” assessment • To increase the inclusion of youth and family voice in decision-making

10. “NEXT FRONTIER” – The Imperatives 1. Develop Leadership and Establish Governance & Management Structure 2. Study & Analysis a. Data b. Mapping c. Legal & Policy Analysis d. Resource & Assessment Inventories 3. Culture Change 4. Prevention 5. Family & Community Engagement 6. Policies, Procedures, & Practices a. Information & Resource Sharing b. Court c. Joint Assessment & Case Planning d. Case Management & Supervision e. Permanency & PYD March 2012 Addressing the Needs of Multi-System Youth: Strengthening the Connection between Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice 10 http://cjjr.georgetown.edu/resources.html

11. The Crossover Youth Practice Model Phases & Practice Areas Practice Area 1: Arrest, Identification, & Detention Practice Area 2: Decision Making Regarding Charges Practice Area 3: Case Assignment, Assessment & Planning Practice Area 4: Coordinated Case Management & Ongoing Assessment Practice Area 5: Planning for Youth Permanency, Transition & Case Closure The Crossover Youth Practice Model Guide can be retrieved at: http://cjjr.georgetown.edu/pm/practicemodel.html

12. Key Practice Concepts -Phase I Improving system practices that lead to youth crossing over Family Engagement throughout the life of the case starting at the point of arrest/intake Utilizing data to assess DMC/DMR in your target population Early identification to improve joint case management and youth outcomes

13. Phase I - General Practice Meet with the family at the point of identification to discuss how the systems will work together Ensure families are provided some form of documentation that describes how the two systems function Develop Family / MDT meetings to ensure active engagement of all person’s/agencies serving crossover youth Examine how the site has addressed disproportionality, with particular attention to the crossover population 13

14. The Crossover Youth Practice Model Phases & Practice Areas Practice Area 1: Arrest, Identification, & Detention Practice Area 2: Decision Making Regarding Charges Practice Area 3: Case Assignment, Assessment & Planning Practice Area 4: Coordinated Case Management & Ongoing Assessment Practice Area 5: Planning for Youth Permanency, Transition & Case Closure The Crossover Youth Practice Model Guide can be retrieved at: http://cjjr.georgetown.edu/pm/practicemodel.html

15. Phase I: Practice Area 1 Arrest, ID & Detention 15

16. Phase I: Practice Area 2 Decision Making Regarding Charges 16

17. Phase I – Arrest, Identification and Detention * Attorney Protocols developed – see examples from CYPM sites Create protocols that specify how client information databases can be searched to identify crossover youth. Create a memorandum of agreement that describes the ability of child welfare and juvenile justice staff to share information about youth and families involved in both systems. These agreements may also include sharing of educational and behavioral health information.* Utilize validated screening and cross system assessment tools that can be used while the youth is in detention. 17

18. Phase I – Decision Making Regarding Charges Conduct diversion meetings and pursue strategies to reduce youth crossing over into the juvenile justice system. Partner on identifying and funding prevention services to ensure that crossover youth have access to services funded by both systems. Ensure the CW social worker is in attendance at any relevant JJ court hearings 18

19. Phase II: Practice Area 3 Case Assignment & Planning 19

20. Phase II: Practice Area 3 Case Assignment Assessment & Case Planning 20

21. Phase II: Practice Area 3: Case Assignment, Assessment & Case Planning Conduct an inventory of the assessment tools used in both child welfare and juvenile justice. (This will assist in the development of a consolidated assessment of the youth and family). Upon notification of a new crossover youth case, the newly assigned probation officer should immediately make contact with the assigned social worker. This contact should be made within three to five days. This level of contact may happen pre- or post adjudication. 21

22. Phase II: Practice Area 3: Case Assignment, Assessment & Case Planning Complete a consolidated/joint assessment of the family and youth including the following: • Review of behavior patterns over time; • Examination of the family strengths and protective factors; • Assessment of the overall needs of the youth and family that affect the safety, permanency, and well-being of children and youth in the family; • Consideration of contributing factors (caregivers) such as domestic violence, substance abuse, mental health, chronic health problems, and poverty; • Assessment of criminogenic factors including peer group, school performance, family dynamics, substance abuse, self regulation, history of delinquent behaviors; and • Review of information gathered through other assessments from partnering agencies (i.e. mental health, substance abuse) 22

23. Phase II: Practice Area 3: Case Assignment, Assessment & Case Planning Development of an integrated case plan that: • Creates a direct link between the identified need areas and the goals, tasks, interventions and services. • Focuses interventions on assisting parents/caregivers to improve their parenting skills and the youth in changing his/her risk taking behaviors. • Are focused, time limited, behaviorally specific, attainable, relevant, and understandable to all and agreed to by the parent(s). • Provide the basis for understanding when the work is completed. Conversely, they provide the basis for deciding that sufficient change has not occurred so that permanency goals may be justified and pursued. 23

24. Phase II: Practice Area 3: Case Assignment, Assessment & Case Planning Families should help guide the process of determining what interventions could best address their situation, within the context of a shared commitment to making necessary changes. This process should be transparent – the CW social worker/JJ case worker team should share the tools and information being used to build the service plan. There is an expectation that all jurisdictions will make a commitment to reduce its use of group care (including residential and institutional) for crossover youth. Residing in a family setting is ideal for all youth regardless of their current or past situation. 24

25. Phase II: Practice Area 3: Case Assignment, Assessment & Case Planning Identify kin to care for crossover youth. • Strive to engage the family as soon as the youth is identified to the system. • Ensure that kin are given the same level of support as resource families. Sites must implement one of the following Court models: • Dedicated court docket • One judge/one family • Multi-system planning and court reporting. 25

26. Phase III: Practice Area 4 Coordinated Case Supervision & Ongoing Assessment 26

27. Phase III: Practice Area 5 Planning for Permanency, Transition & Case Closure Supervision & Ongoing Assessment 27

28. Phase 3: Practice Area 4 - Coordinated Case Supervision & Ongoing Assessment Consideration of the use of coordinated case supervision (between the agencies), specialized case management & supervision units, special qualifications and/or training of case managers, & use of CW or JJ liaisons CW social worker and JJ case worker should make a determination as to which agency should take the lead in providing services on a case Minimum of monthly contact regarding each case to ensure coordination of efforts the CW social worker & JJ case worker Ensure the conducting of formal gatherings based on case dynamics; to include (but not limited to): - Prior to court hearings - When significant changes in family dynamics occur - At the request of family member

29. Phase 3: Practice Area 5 - Planning for Permanency, Case Closure & Transition Begin planning for permanency at the onset of a case Ensure that concurrent planning is occurring throughout the life of a case Embedding learning opportunities for independent skills throughout service delivery in all aspects of the case Implementing the use of permanency pacts for all crossover youth

30. Building the Infrastructure for a Cross Systems Approach

31. Considerations When Implementing The Crossover Youth Practice Model • Organizational Change / System Collaboration • Infrastructure • Leadership • Data • Messaging • Training

32. Initiating the Process • The initiative must have a clear management structure to • support the reform/change process through all of its phases. • The management structure should: • establish the governance and decision-making processes • determine staffing and funding • designate working teams or committees, and • establish timelines

33. Key Practical Initiation Issues Who & what agencies/entities do we need as collaborators? Do we have them “at the table” with us? Is there an agreement or MOU that articulates the goals and objectives & roles and responsibilities? Are there data that supports our ability to effectively identify a target population?