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Motivation

Motivation. Motivation derives from the Latin verb – movere (to move). What is Motivation?. Why does an adult climb Mount Everest, the tallest peak on Earth? What was the cause of this behavior ? What made you get out of bed this morning? What was the cause of this behavior?.

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Motivation

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  1. Motivation Motivation derives from the Latin verb – movere (to move)

  2. What is Motivation? • Why does an adult climb Mount Everest, the tallest peak on Earth? • What was the cause of this behavior? • What made you get out of bed this morning? • What was the cause of this behavior?

  3. What is Motivation? • Motivation is what makes us • Start • Direct • Maintain • Stop • Our behaviors…..

  4. What is Motivation? • Motivation is the needs, wants, interests and desires that energize and direct our behavior • We are all “naïve psychologists” • We are constantly trying to workout the motives and predict the behaviors of others.

  5. Theories and Concepts • Drive Theories • Internal states that arise in response to instability; in turn we seek homeostasis – biological stability • Incentive Theories • External stimuli (rewards or punishments) that motivate behavior • Evolutionary Theories • Pre programmed tendencies to maximize reproductive success. (instinct)

  6. Drives (PUSH) • This drive motivates an organism to satisfy the need (Hull, 1951). • Physiological needs • Create aroused state of tension (drive).

  7. Incentives (PULL) • Internal drives(push) • Incentives (pull): Positive or negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior • Attractive/unattractive food What if we experience both an internal push and an external pull?

  8. Evolutionary theory • Evolutionary theory: Motives related to survival and reproduction have been selected for and pre-wired as “instincts”. • Instinct: a complex behavior with a fixed pattern throughout a species that is not learned • Sexual arousal • Sleep • Aggression • Fight or flight!

  9. Range and Diversity of Human Motives • Two major origins of motives • Biological: limited in range but shared by all; related to survival and reproduction • Need for oxygen, hydration, food, comfortable temperature, sleep • Social / Psychological: Vary between individuals and cultures • Autonomy, affiliation, dominance, exhibition, and order. • Humans display a huge range of motives and behaviors across cultures and between individuals, undermining the argument that human behavior results greatly from inborn instincts.

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