Cancer, diabetes, and other health threats

1. PEAC1001 Lecture 10 Cancer, diabetes, and other health threats

2. Cancer • Tumors • __________ tumors • Likely not cancerous, a protective membrane keeps the growth to a minimum • Slow growing • ____________ tumors • Also called carcinomas • Uncontrolled growth  spreads • Death to tissue • Cancerous

3. Cancer death by site and sex

4. Breast cancer • Does affect both men and women • Symptoms • Lumps and/or thickening or swelling of the breasts • Mammograms • X-ray test to check for abnormalities that could be cancerous • Women over ___ years of age should have a mammogram each year • Treatment is advancing, but not very effective if detected later into disease progression

5. Colon-rectal cancer • Affects men and women • Highest among African Americans • Symptoms: cramping in lower abdomen, urge to have a bowel movement, blood in stool • Decrease risks by having a high fiber diet and physical activity • Screening tests: fecal blood test, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy (most accurate)

6. Lung cancer • _______ cause of cancer-related death for both men and women • Greatest risk is _______ • Symptoms: persistent cough, chest pain, reoccurring pneumonia, spit streaked with blood • Detection via X-ray or sputum samples

7. Prostate cancer • Most common form of cancer in men • All men have 17% chance of diagnosis in their lifetime • More African Americans are diagnosed than any other sub-group • Symptoms: urination problems, pain, blood in urine • Treatment is highly effective

8. Uterine and ovarian cancers • Account for ____% of all deaths among women • Most important risk factor: human papillomavirus (HPV) • Other risk factors: sex at young age, too many sexual partners, and smoking • PAP test screens for this • Treatment is to remove affected area

9. Skin cancer • Most _________ cancer • Curable, not usually included in cancer statistics • Melanoma: deadly if not detected early • 10 more frequent in whites • Risk factors include sun exposure • Treatment is to remove the cancerous areas • Always check new skin areas to ensure cancer-free skin

10. Cancer prevalence (Reported)

11. Diabetes **Blood sugar is abnormally high** • Normal glucose levels: 50-100mg per 100ml of blood • Pre-diabetes: glucose levels range from 101-125 • _________: the hormone that regulates blood sugar, produced by the pancreas

12. Diabetic types • Type I (5% before age 30) • Metabolic disease • Body does not produce enough insulin • _________________or taken orally • CONSTANT regulation • Type II (95%) • Metabolic disease • Non-insulin dependent • Can be controlled via lifestyle changes • Most common form • Risk factor is limited activity and obesity

13. Diabetes symptoms

14. Consequences of Type II • 6th cause of death in the US • -behind #5, accidents/injuries • Shortened lifespan • Heart disease, high blood pressure • Kidney failure, requiring dialysis • ____________ • Lower limb amputation

15. Age and diabetes

16. Health threats: Accidents & injuries • Claim more lives than chronic and infectious diseases among people 40 years and younger • Have decreased within the last decade -occupational safety -awareness/education -advanced medical care

17. Cooper Clinic’s Profiles for People Who Avoid Checkups Gambler – don’t think of their health until a serious problem occurs Queens of denial – they never think anything is ever wrong with them Martyr – busy taking care of others and neglect their health Busy bees – too busy to take the time and seek medical checkups Shamans – buy into the latest health fad and avoid professional attention Informers – these people argue with health professionals and then give up making appointments Economist – cost of preventative exams is too high and do not go

18. Question #1 Which type of diabetes is the most important to constantly monitor? • Type I • Type II

19. Question #2 Colon-rectal cancer is most common in ________________________: • Hispanics • Caucasians • African Americans • Native Americans