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AFRICA -CHINA FORUM “BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLGY APPLICATION IN AFRICA” Chris Muyunda, PhD EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN, AADICON TSSA Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania, July 28, 2012. CONTENTS. OVERALL CONSTRAINTS TO AFRICAN AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY CONSTRAINTS
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AFRICA-CHINA FORUM“BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLGY APPLICATION IN AFRICA”Chris Muyunda, PhDEXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN, AADICON TSSADar-es-salaam, Tanzania, July 28, 2012.
CONTENTS • OVERALL CONSTRAINTS TO AFRICAN AGRICULTURE • TECHNOLOGY CONSTRAINTS • IMPACT OF POOR TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION • TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTIONS • REASONS FOR POOR ADOPTIONS • RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE ADOPTION
AFRICAN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR CONSTRAINTS Low Productivity TECHNOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS MARKET RELATED CONSTRAINTS POLICY RELATED CONSTRAINTS
TECHNONLOGICAL CHALLENGES/CONSTRAINTS: Over-dependence on rain-fed agriculture, with the distinct exception of Egypt, Mauritius and Sudan Low agricultural input use, organic/in-organic (about 75% of farmlands severely nutrient mined) Inappropriate production techniques Pests and diseases Overall Result: LOW PRODUCTIVITY
IMPACT POOR TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION: 2005, Crop Yields (MT/ha) – ESA vs. Global 5
TECHNOLOGY GENERATION AND PROMOTION INSTITUTIONS • NARS • RARC • FARA • IITF • CG CENTRES • PRIVATE SECTOR
TYPES OF TECHNOLOGIES GENERATED • NRM: FERTS, ORGANIC FARMING, MINIMUM TILLAGE, • STAPLES: IMPROVED SEED, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, DISEASE AND PEST CONTROL TECHNIQUES • HIGH VALUE CROPS: IMPROVED SEEDS • LIVESTOCK: IMPROVED BREEDING METHODS FOR LIVESTOCK, AI, ET, FF FOR EXAMPLE, NEW VARIETIES OF CROPS = 8,000
TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION RATES • Dairy – Less than 20% • Staples – About 40% • Vegetables – Less than 20% • NRM techniques – Less than 20%
REASONS FOR POOR ADOPTION • HIGH COST OF TECHNOLOGY • LACK OF AWARENESS • LOW PROFITABILITY/LACK OF MARKETS • GENDER IMBALANCES • CLIMATE CHANGE • POOR PACKAGING • WRONG TARGETING • LACK OF SUPPORTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE
STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS TO BRIDGE THE GAP • IMPROVE PERFORMANCE/TARGETING • IMPROVE EFFICIENCY OF DELIVERY MECHANISMS • PRIORITIZE NRM TECHNOLOGIES • STREGHTHEN GENDER MAINSTREAMING • STRENGTHEN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES • EXPAND COMMERCIALIZATION AND ENTERPRISE • ENSURE SUPPORTIVE POLICY ENVIRONMENT • EMBRACE PPPs • ESTABLISH TASK FORCE FOR TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION
Bibliography • FAOSTAT • ASARECA 11th BOARD MEETING PROCEEDINGS • AADICON BIOTECH MAURITIUS LIBRARY • CAADP PP reports