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CONSUMPTION OF UNSAFE FOODS: EVIDENCE FROM HEAVY METAL, MINERAL AND TRACE ELEMENT CONTAMINATION

CONSUMPTION OF UNSAFE FOODS: EVIDENCE FROM HEAVY METAL, MINERAL AND TRACE ELEMENT CONTAMINATION (ToR # 16) Team Members Dr. M. Rafiqul Islam Dr. M. Jahiruddin Dr. Md. Rafiqul Islam Dr. Md. A. Alim Dr. Md. Akteruzzaman. Food security and Food contamination

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CONSUMPTION OF UNSAFE FOODS: EVIDENCE FROM HEAVY METAL, MINERAL AND TRACE ELEMENT CONTAMINATION

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  1. CONSUMPTION OF UNSAFE FOODS: EVIDENCE FROM HEAVY METAL, MINERAL AND TRACE ELEMENT CONTAMINATION (ToR # 16) Team Members Dr. M. Rafiqul Islam Dr. M. Jahiruddin Dr. Md. Rafiqul Islam Dr. Md. A. Alim Dr. Md. Akteruzzaman

  2. Food security and Food contamination Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to enough safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy lifestyle (World Food Summit 1996) Sources of food Contamination Heavy metals Pesticide residues Hormone residues Chemicals for ripening of fruits & vegetables Microbiological contamination Food adulteration Use of contaminated water

  3. Major Routes of Heavy Metal Contamination: Example arsenic Fish

  4. OBJECTIVES • Assess the concentration of major foods and beverages consumed by poor and non-poor households for heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Co, Hg, Sb, Li and As),minerals (Ca, Mg, Na, K) and trace elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo Se, Al, Ni and Cr) • Assess the extent of exposure to heavy metals, minerals and trace elements through food intake by poor and non-poor households and the potential health implications iii) Draw implications and to provide suggestions for actions to reduce contamination

  5. METHODOLOGY

  6. FOOD SAMPLING • Each food sample was collected from 10 different shops of Kawranbazar and Hazaribagh and 3 supermarkets & 7 shops of Gulshan market • Standard operating procedures were followed for processing of food samples (NIN, 2009)

  7. Food Samples Collected • Food samples were cooked with enough water just to boil, with no salt

  8. Market situations in Bangladesh: Some Examples Hazaribagh

  9. Market situations in Bangladesh: Some Examples Gulshan

  10. PROCESSING AND COOKING OF FOODS: RICE • Weight of the parboiled rice (coarse and fine grain) recorded • Washed with tap water • Cooked by both absorption and draining methods • Excess water discarded in case of draining out method • Weight of the cooked rice recorded YIELD FACTOR • A sub-sample was kept in oven to obtain dry weight

  11. Processing of Food SamplesSweetgourd, Jackfruit, Fish, Meat

  12. Cooking and Processing Drying in oven Cooking in gas stove Foods in powder form Inert and non-metallic mortar & pestle

  13. Chemical analysis Digestion Food samples were digested with Ultrapure grade HNO3 and H2O2 using the digestion block at 115 °C. Determination of elements Digested samples were analyzed for elements using ICP-MS in the laboratory of SGS Bangladesh Ltd Dhaka Reliability The reliability of the procedure for the estimation of all elements was assessed by analyzing the Certified Reference Material GBW(E)080684.

  14. RESULTS

  15. EDIBLE COEFFICIENT AND YIELD FACTOR OF COOKED VEGETABLES

  16. ELEMENT CONCENTRATION

  17. COMPARATIVE STATUS OF MINERALS IN FOODS FROM THREE MARKETS + Low, ++ Medium, +++ High

  18. COMPARATIVE STATUS OF MINERALS IN FOODS FROM THREE MARKETS

  19. COMPARATIVE STATUS OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN FOODS FROM THREE MARKETS + Low, ++ Medium, +++ High

  20. COMPARATIVE STATUS OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN FOODS FROM THREE MARKETS

  21. COMPARATIVE STATUS OF HEAVY METALS IN FOODS FROM THREE MARKETS

  22. COMPARATIVE STATUS OF HEAVY METALS IN FOODS FROM THREE MARKETS

  23. Wheat • Mn & Cu conc. for ata higher in Gulshan, Chromium, Lithium, Antimony, Mercury: Below detection limit for both rice and wheat

  24. Sources of Heavy metals

  25. CALCULATION OF DIETARY EXPOSURE

  26. CALCULATION OF DIETARY EXPOSURE Steps • Concentration of elements in in fresh weight of individual food item • Get the individual food item intake by poor and non-poor household in Dhaka city Dietary Exposure = Food chemical concentration x food consumption amount • Plot the data of 100 household of each of poor and non-poor household for a particular element • Compare with the Acceptable daily intake (ADI) for heavy metals and Recommended daily intake (RDI) for minerals and trace elements

  27. Per capita Intake of Major Food Items (g) HIES, 2010

  28. Dietary Exposure of Cadmium from Rice • Cadmium (Cd) level in rice: 0.2 mg/kg • Rice intake by poor: 406 g/day • Cd intake from rice: 406x0.2=0.0812 mg/day =2.436 mg/month • Provisional Tolerable Monthly Intake: 0.025mg/kg body weight (WHO, 2011) • An adult having body weight of 70 kg can tolerate the intake of 1.75mg Cd/month • Intake of 406 g rice/day having 0.2 mg Cd/kg is contributing 139% of the PTMI

  29. RDI and UL of minerals and trace elements for adult male

  30. Reference Health standards for toxic heavy metals ^ PTWI = Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake * PTMI = Provisional Tolerable Monthly Intake ˇPMTDI = Provisional Maximum Tolerable Daily Intake

  31. CONCLUSION • Minerals conc. of foods generally higher in Gulshan followed by K. bazar and H. bazar. • Heavy metals conc. Generally higher in H. bazar followed by K. bazar and Gulshan. • Elements Li, Sb and Cr conc. below detection limit. • Dietary risk exposure is yet to be calculated.

  32. Permissible limit of heavy metals in foods

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