1 / 53

Outline #3 Volcanic Hazards and Risks ESS 315/POE 313 Volcanism and Magma Properties of Magma

Explore the different types of volcanic hazards and their primary and secondary effects. Learn about the techniques used to predict volcanic eruptions and monitor the movement of magma. Discover the characteristics of different magma compositions and eruptive styles. Gain insights into the risks associated with volcanoes and plate tectonics.

sfallon
Download Presentation

Outline #3 Volcanic Hazards and Risks ESS 315/POE 313 Volcanism and Magma Properties of Magma

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Outline #3 Volcanic Hazards and Risks ESS 315/POE 313 Volcanism and Magma Properties of Magma -composition -dissolved gases -temperature -viscosity Eruptive Styles Nonexplosive Eruptions Explosive Eruptions Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Shield Volcanoes Strato Volcanoes Pyroclastic Cones Other Features

  2. Volcanic Hazards Primary Effects -lava flows -pyroclastic eruptions -poisonous gas emissions Secondary Effects -mudflows and debris avalanches -flooding (glacial outburst floods) -tsunamis -seismicity -atmospheric effects and climate change Volcanic Hazards along the Cascadia Subduction Zone Predicting Eruptions Monitoring the Movement of Magma -seismic studies -magnetic field changes -electrical resistivity Physical Anomalies and Precursor Phenomena -ground deformation -change in heat output -change in the composition of gases -local seismic activity

  3. Basalt flows will travel great distances and slope angles will reflect low viscosity.

  4. Rhyolite/dacite flows will retain steep slope fronts because of high viscosity.

  5. Mono Craters, California: VEI - 1-3

  6. Mount Saint Helens: VEI = 5

  7. Mount Pinatubo: VEI 6

  8. Bishop Ash in alluvial fan deposit. Longvalley Caldera: VEI = 7.

  9. Yellowstone Caldera: VEI = 8

  10. Hawaiian Type Eruption

  11. Plinian Eruption: St. Pierre 1903 Phreatic Eruption: MSH April 4, 1980

  12. Low viscosity basalt flows erupted along the East African Rift Zone travel great distances and create broad lava plateaus.

  13. Although basaltic eruptions tend to be effusive, contact with snow and ice can create catastrophic outburst floods.

  14. Volcanism associated with subduction zones tends to be explosive as andesitic and dacitic magma has a relatively high viscosity coupled with high gas content.

  15. Oceanic hotspots produce basaltic shield volcanoes with relatively gentle slope profiles.

More Related