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Major branches of phonetics

Major branches of phonetics. Experimental – How are speech sounds studied? Articulatory – How are speech sounds produced? Acoustic – What is the nature of sound? Perceptual – How are speech sounds perceived? Applied – What is the practical application of all of the above?.

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Major branches of phonetics

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  1. Major branches of phonetics Experimental – How are speech sounds studied? Articulatory – How are speech sounds produced? Acoustic – What is the nature of sound? Perceptual – How are speech sounds perceived? Applied – What is the practical application of all of the above?

  2. Branches of Applied Phonetics • Normative – standards of speech • Clinical – remediation of artic/phonology • Linguistic – analysis and classification of speech sounds

  3. Dynamics of speech • Co-articulation – the brain anticipates what sounds are coming and articulators assume expected positions. • Assimilation – the effects of co-articulation. • Progressive • Regressive • Reciprocal • Errors are sometimes made by the brain that are assimlatory “Lisplacence”

  4. Variations in pronunciation • Complementary distribution: when the pronunciation of a phoneme is context-specific • /p/ is heavily aspirated in the initial position of words – “pie,” less aspirated following another consonant – “spy” • Free variation: when the pronunciation of a phoneme is variable in the same context • /p/ in the final position is unaspirated UNLESS followed by a word that begins with a vowel – “cup” vs. “cup of water.”

  5. Phonetics Vocabulary Terms • Phone – any sound produced by the vocal tract • Phoneme – a speech sound of a particular language • Allophone – an alternate form or variation of a phoneme

  6. Graph – any letter of a language • Grapheme – a letter of a particular language • Allograph – a variant form (lower case vs. upper case letters)

  7. Morph – the smallest unit of meaning of a language • Morpheme – the smallest unit of meaning of a particular language • free morpheme • bound morpheme 3. Allomorph – a variant of a morpheme (past tense forms; regular and irregular)

  8. Why use IPA? • “ghoti” • What symbols do you already know? /b/, /d/, /f/, /g/, /h/, /k/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /p/, /r/, /s/, /t/, /v/, /w/, /z/ • Five vowel symbols that you THOUGHT you knew! /a/, /o/, /u/, /i/, /e/

  9. Rude • Boat • Veto • Pond • Baseball • Knew

  10. Metaphonological Awareness • How many syllables? • University • Exceptional • Investigation • Thanksgiving • Belong • How many sounds? • Where is stress?

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