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Regulation of Discharges of Nuclear Facilities in Ukraine

EMRAS II - Reference Methodologies for Controlling Discharges. Regulation of Discharges of Nuclear Facilities in Ukraine. Iurii Bonchuk. Radiation Protection Institute Kiev, Ukraine. bonchuk@rpi.kiev.ua. 22-24 September 2009, Vienna, IAEA Headquarters, Austria.

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Regulation of Discharges of Nuclear Facilities in Ukraine

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  1. EMRAS II - Reference Methodologies for Controlling Discharges Regulation of Discharges of Nuclear Facilities in Ukraine Iurii Bonchuk Radiation Protection Institute Kiev, Ukraine bonchuk@rpi.kiev.ua 22-24 September 2009, Vienna, IAEA Headquarters, Austria

  2. EMRAS II - Reference Methodologies for Controlling Discharges Regulatory bodies in Ukraine • State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine (SNRCU) implements functions of the national regulatory body on nuclear and radiation safety • normative regulation (establishing safety criteria, requirements and conditions in the area of nuclear energy use) • licensing (issuing permits and licenses to conduct activities in this area) • supervision (conducting supervisory activity on observance of codes and standards on nuclear and radiation safety) • enforcement (imposing sanctions stipulated by law in case of violations) • Ministry of Health of Ukraine (MHU) is the main body in the area of health protection • realize control and supervision on sanitary law compliance, state standards, criteria and requirements • approve state sanitary standards, rules, hygienic norms (including derived levels, limits of discharge) 2 22-24 September 2009, Vienna, IAEA Headquarters, Austria

  3. EMRAS II - Reference Methodologies for Controlling Discharges Main types of facilities in Ukraine • 4 operating NPPs (15 power units) which are subdivisions of National Nuclear Energy Generating Company ENERGOATOM: • Zaporizhzhya NPP (6 units WWER 1000) (largest NPP in Europe) • South-Ukrainian NPP (3 units WWER 1000) • Rivne NPP (2 units WWER 440, 2 units WWER 1000) • Khmelnitsky NPP (2 units WWER 1000) • Chornobyl NPP (3 Units at the stage of Decommissioning) • State owned "Eastern Mining And Processing Complex" (SkhidGZK)(largest uranium mining enterprise in Europe), which includes Hydro-Metallurgical Plant, Ingul’skaya and Smolinskaya mines • 2 Spent Fuel Storage Facilities in operation at Zaporizhya NPP and Chornobyl NPP • RAW storage facilities and RAW management plants:6 Specialized Enterprises “Radon”, State Specialized Enterprise “Complex”, State Specialized Enterprise “Technocenter” • 2 research reactors (Kyiv, Sevastopol) 3 22-24 September 2009, Vienna, IAEA Headquarters, Austria

  4. EMRAS II - Reference Methodologies for Controlling Discharges Regulations of controlled practices in Ukraine Radiation Safety Standards of Ukraine (RSSU-97) is the basic state document in Ukraine which establishes system of radiation and hygienic rules • Dose limits • Derived levels: • permissible (authorized) levels established from dose limits for reference exposure conditions 4 22-24 September 2009, Vienna, IAEA Headquarters, Austria

  5. EMRAS II - Reference Methodologies for Controlling Discharges Limitation of public exposure Total exposure Effective dose limit (DLE) = 1 mSv per year the value of the effective dose to individuals from controlled practices that shall not be exceeded Exposure from separate facility Quota of DLE = 40 .. 200 µSv per year the value of the effective dose to individuals (critical group) from separate facility that shall not be exceeded 5 22-24 September 2009, Vienna, IAEA Headquarters, Austria

  6. EMRAS II - Reference Methodologies for Controlling Discharges Limitation of public exposure from facilities 6 22-24 September 2009, Vienna, IAEA Headquarters, Austria

  7. EMRAS II - Reference Methodologies for Controlling Discharges Limitation of public exposure from facilities (example) Total exposure from each of 4 Ukrainian NPPs Quota of DLE = 80 µSv per year the value of the effective dose to critical group from NPP discharges that shall not be exceeded airborne (gaseous)discharge 40 µSv liquid discharge 40 µSv (dose from the critical path of water use should not exceed 10 µSv) If corresponded DLEquota is not exceeded, airborne (or liquid) discharge is authorized 7 22-24 September 2009, Vienna, IAEA Headquarters, Austria

  8. EMRAS II - Reference Methodologies for Controlling Discharges Establishment of Permissible Levels of Discharges • There is only one document for establishment of permissible levels of discharges: • The Procedure of an Establishment of Permissible Levels of Air and Liquid Discharges of Ukrainian NPP (Radiation-hygienic Rules of Group I) (Methodical Guidance), 2002 • Methodical Guidancecovers only operating NPPs.Other enterprises use it as ‘example’ 8 22-24 September 2009, Vienna, IAEA Headquarters, Austria

  9. EMRAS II - Reference Methodologies for Controlling Discharges Establishment of Permissible Levels of Discharges • Methodical Guidance uses: • Gaussian model for atmospheric dispersion • ECOSYS model for food chains • ICRP dosimetric models (dose coefficients) • Methodical Guidance uses site specific data: • stack height • radius of sanitary protective area • meteorological data (averaged for last 5 years): • distribution of stability classes (A-F) • wind directions (8 or 16) • wind speed (up to 10 ranges) • which form 3-dimensional matrix • Methodical Guidance assumes uniform discharge (as permissible discharge) during 30 years of NPP operating 9 22-24 September 2009, Vienna, IAEA Headquarters, Austria

  10. EMRAS II - Reference Methodologies for Controlling Discharges Regulation of the airborne discharge of NPPs Limit of Airborne Discharge (LAD) EAD is the DLE quota for the airborne discharge (40 µSv) Еi is an annual effective dose for the member of critical group of population from the unit airborne discharge of the radionuclide i LAD are calculated for: • 3H, 51Cr, 54Mn, 59Fe, 58Co, 60Co, 89Sr, 90Sr, 95Zr, 95Nb, 110mAg, 134Cs, 137Cs (monthly control); • iodine, noble gases, and long lived radionuclides (daily control) 10 22-24 September 2009, Vienna, IAEA Headquarters, Austria

  11. EMRAS II - Reference Methodologies for Controlling Discharges Control of the airborne discharge of NPPs daily control monthly control ADi is an actual daily airborne discharge of radionuclide i ADj is an averaged (for a calendar month) daily airborne discharge of radionuclide j If the set of inequalities is satisfied the airborne discharge is authorised 11 22-24 September 2009, Vienna, IAEA Headquarters, Austria

  12. EMRAS II - Reference Methodologies for Controlling Discharges Regulation of the liquid discharge of NPPs Limit of Liquid Discharge (LLD) ELD is the DLE quota for the critical path of water use for the liquid discharge (10 µSv) Еi,j is an annual effective dose for the member of critical group of population from the unit liquid discharge of the radionuclide i, which is formed by the path of water use j j is one of the following paths of water use: drinking water supply, fishing, irrigated cropping, cattle watering, recreation LLD are calculated for: • 3H, 51Cr, 54Mn, 59Fe, 58Co, 60Co, 65Zn, 89Sr, 90Sr, 95Zr, 95Nb, 110mAg , 131I, 134Cs, 137Cs , 144Ce 12 22-24 September 2009, Vienna, IAEA Headquarters, Austria

  13. EMRAS II - Reference Methodologies for Controlling Discharges Control of the liquid discharge of NPPs annual control LDi is an actual annual liquid discharge of radionuclide i If the inequality is satisfied the liquid discharge is authorised 13 22-24 September 2009, Vienna, IAEA Headquarters, Austria

  14. EMRAS II - Reference Methodologies for Controlling Discharges Regulation of discharge of other facilities Methodical Guidance for operating NPPs is applied Chornobyl NPP: • airborne discharge60Co, 90Sr, 137Cs, 238Pu, 239+240Pu, 241Pu, 241Am (monthly control) • liquid discharge 90Sr, 137Cs,  emitters (annual control) The state owned "Eastern Mining And Processing Complex”: • airborne dischargeuranium radionuclides (234U, 235U, 238U),  emitters (annual control) 14 22-24 September 2009, Vienna, IAEA Headquarters, Austria

  15. Thank you for your attention!

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