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Nuclear Reactions Review

Nuclear Reactions Review. 1. Radioactive materials have unstable A.electrons . C.protons . B.nuclei . D.neutrons. 2. The type of nuclear radiation that can penetrate farthest through matter is called A.radons . C.neutron emission. B.gamma rays. D.X-rays.

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Nuclear Reactions Review

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  1. Nuclear Reactions Review

  2. 1. Radioactive materials have unstable • A.electrons. • C.protons. • B.nuclei. • D.neutrons.

  3. 2. The type of nuclear radiation that can penetrate farthest through matter is called • A.radons. • C.neutronemission. • B.gammarays. • D.X-rays.

  4. 3. Nuclei with too many or too few neutrons are • A.neverfound. • C.unnatural. • B.unstable. • D.stable.

  5. 4. The process by which a nucleus splits into two or more smaller fragments, releasing neutrons and energy is called... • A.strongnuclear split • C.changereaction • B.fusion. • D.fission.

  6. 5. Fusion occurs when nuclei • A.split. • C.mutate. • B.combine. • D.gainenergy.

  7. 6. A fission chain reaction can be slowed by using materials that will • A.absorbsome of the neutrons. • B.convertsome of the neutrons to protons. • C.increasethe rate of the neutron multiplication. • D.decreasethe amount of available oxygen in the air.

  8. 7. You prepare a large screened-in box, inside which you place several dozen mouse traps. You set each trap and on each mouse trap you place a ping pong ball. You then drop another ping pong ball into the box, which sets off one of the mouse traps, which sets off other mouse traps, and so on. You have just demonstrated • A.achain reaction. • C.thetheory of relativity. • B.fusion. • D.alphadecay.

  9. 8. Background radiation can come from • A.thesun. • C.plants. • B.water. • D.allof the above

  10. 9. Our body tissues are normally protected from most background radiation by • A.specialdeflectors in the atmosphere. • B.ourouter skin. • C.stayingindoors or in protected areas. • D.specialmolecules within our bodies that fight radiation.

  11. 10. Short-lived isotopes like magnesium-28 that are used in fields such as geology, agriculture, and medicine are called • A.traceelements. • C.carbontracers. • B.radioactivetracers. • D.alpha-emitting isotopes.

  12. 11. Radioactive tracers are short-lived • A.drugs. • C.tumors. • B.isotopes. • D.rays.

  13. 12. To treat certain brain tumors, doctors can use small beams of ____ that are focused to kill only the tumor cells. • A.X-rays • C.alpharays • B.betarays • D.gammarays

  14. 13. The use of nuclear reactors to generate electricity is • A.decreasingrapidly. • C.foundin dozens of countries. • B.foundonly in the United States. • D.totallysafe.

  15. 14. The ideal location for a radioactive-waste storage facility is one that is • A.ina sparsely populated area. • C.faraway from ground water • B.inan area free from earthquakes. • D.allof the above

  16. 15. When a fusion reactor for safely generating energy is developed, the element that could meet Earth's energy demands for millions of years is • A.oxygen. • C.hydrogen. • B.nitrogen. • D.lithium.

  17. 16. What two elements are involved in nuclear fusion reactions? • A.bariumand krypton • C.uraniumand hydrogen • B.uraniumand barium • D.hydrogenand helium

  18. 17. Nuclear reactors use __________ to turn large turbines to produce electricity. • A.water • C.wind • B.solarenergy • D.steam

  19. 18. Our sun is powered by nuclear __________. • A.fission • C.waste • B.fusion • D.reactors

  20. 19. Which element is the largest source of radiation in the Earth's crust? • A.Uranium • C.Radon • B.Krypton • D.Barium

  21. 20. What is the force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom called? • A.gravity • C.strongnuclear force • B.magneticforce • D.airforce one

  22. 21. What is the name for the process in which light nuclei combine at extremely high temperatures, forming a heavier nucleus and releasing energy? • A.alphacontact • C.fusion • B.fission • D.changereaction

  23. 22. Name one good use of the energy produced in a controlled chain reaction. • A.tanning • C.electricity • B.x-rays • D.nuclearwaste

  24. 23. During beta decay, a nucleus • A.givesup two protons and two neutrons. • B.maintainsthe same number of protons and neutrons. • C.losesa proton and gains a neutron. • D.gainsa proton and loses a neutron.

  25. 24. In alpha decay, the mass number of the atom before the decay • A.equalsthe sum of the mass numbers of the products. • B.doesnot change after the decay. • C.isthe same as the atomic number. • D.cannotbe determined.

  26. 25. Which of the following occurs in the nucleus during alpha decay? • A.Twoneutrons and two electrons are gained. • B.Twoprotons and two neutrons are gained. • C.Twoneutrons and two electrons are lost. • D.Twoprotons and two neutrons are lost.

  27. 26. What changes in the nucleus during nuclear decay by gamma rays? • A.energycontent • C.atomicnumber • B.atomicmass • D.Allof the above

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