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Nutritional Concerns of Pregnant Women

Nutritional Concerns of Pregnant Women. Kcals adequate weight gain (prepregnancy weight and nutritional status) Calcium Folate prevention of neural tube defects Iron prevention of anemia **NO alcohol intake** prevention of FAS / FAE. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.

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Nutritional Concerns of Pregnant Women

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  1. Nutritional Concerns of Pregnant Women • Kcals • adequate weight gain • (prepregnancy weight and nutritional status) • Calcium • Folate • prevention of neural tube defects • Iron • prevention of anemia • **NO alcohol intake** • prevention of FAS/FAE

  2. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • 1 to 3 per 1000 live births • Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) • 10x as many • subtler effects • Symptoms: • growth retardation • small head circumference • mental retardation • irritability • hyperactivity • physical abnormalities • Alcohol related to LBW, spontaneous abortions

  3. Advantages of Breastfeeding for Baby • Microbiologically safe; fresh • Automatically ideal • Anti-infective properties • morbidity • diarrhea • Type I diabetes, respiratory diseases • celiac disease, Crohn’s disease? • risk for atopic dermatitis and ear infections • Promotes better jaw and teeth alignment

  4. Advantages of Breastfeeding for Baby • risk of allergy • no foreign antigens • early closure of GI barrier • protective action of breast milk • Slower growth past 3-4 months • Best fatty acids for brain development and visual acuity? • *Bonding* • hormonal “mothering” response? • feeling of security for infant

  5. Advantages for Mother • *Bonding*--emotional ties • Maternal self-esteem • Necessitates daily rest • Ease and convenience • Recovery from pregnancy • shrinking of uterus • lessening of blood loss • suppression of ovulation • risk of cancer: breast, ovarian • Improved blood lipid profile • Cost: personal, society, environment

  6. Community Programs Re: Pregnant Women • Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) [USDA] • WIC Farmers’ Market [USDA] • Commodity Supplemental Food Program [USDA] • Title V Maternal and Child Health Program [DHHS] • federal block grant

  7. Monitoring Systems • CDC • Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System • “convenience population” • Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System • mail and phone survey • population-wide • National Center for Education in MCH (NCEMCH)

  8. Focus on WIC

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