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Have you ever wondered how an aircraft can find a specific airport in a highly populated airspace?. How can an aircraft land in an airport when the weather condition seem to be so hostile and the visibility is really low?. Purpose. Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP)
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Have you ever wondered how an aircraft can find a specific airport in a highly populated airspace?
How can an aircraft land in an airport when the weather condition seem to be so hostile and the visibility is really low?
Purpose • Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP) • Airport Navigation and Landing Systems
IAP • IFR • IMC Conditions • Published IAP (approach plates)
IAPs 1. Non-Precision Approach Systems: VOR NDB GPS Ground Base Systems Satellite Base Systems 2. Precision Approach Systems: ILS WAAS (LPV) Satellite Base Systems Ground Base Systems
Non-Precision Approach Terminal VOR Ground Base Systems • T - VOR • Lateral Guidance to Runway
Non-Precision Approach NDB Ground Base Systems • (1) Receiver: Automatic Direction Finder ,and (2)Transmitter: Non- Directional Radio Beacon • Provide lateral guidance to a runway
Non-Precision Approach GPS Satellite Base Systems • (1) Satellites (24 and 3 for backup), (2) Ground Station, and (3) GPS receiver (pilot’s cockpit) • Provide lateral guidance to a runway
Precision Approach ILS Ground Base Systems • (1) Localizer, (2) Glide slope, and (3) Marker Beacons • Provide lateral and vertical guidance
Precision Approach LPV/WAAS Satellite Base Systems • LPV uses WAAS only • Lateral and Vertical guidance