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ניהול מידע ברשת האינטרנט Managing Web Data 096209

ניהול מידע ברשת האינטרנט Managing Web Data 096209. מתרגלת: טלי דולב שעת תרגול: יום ד' 8:30-9:30 email: stalid@t2.technion.ac.il שעת קבלה - במייל או בתיאום מראש. ציון סופי = 25% תרגילי בית + 75% מבחן. 3-5 תרגילי בית הכוללים תרגילים "יבשים" ו"רטובים". ציוני שיעורי הבית תקפים.

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ניהול מידע ברשת האינטרנט Managing Web Data 096209

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  1. ניהול מידע ברשת האינטרנטManaging Web Data096209

  2. מתרגלת: טלי דולב • שעת תרגול: יום ד' 8:30-9:30 • email: stalid@t2.technion.ac.ilשעת קבלה - במייל או בתיאום מראש

  3. ציון סופי = 25% תרגילי בית + 75% מבחן. • 3-5 תרגילי בית הכוללים תרגילים "יבשים" ו"רטובים". ציוני שיעורי הבית תקפים. • רב תרגילי הבית יוגשו בזוגות, אך יתכנו גם משימות אישיות.

  4. HTML:Hyper Text Markup Language

  5. How does the  World Wide Web work? • Web information is stored in documents called Web pages.  • Web pages are files stored on computers called Web servers. • Computers reading the Web pages are called Web clients. • Web clients view the pages with a program called a Web browser. (ex: Internet Explorer,Mozilla Firefox)

  6. How does the browser display pages? • All Web pages contain instructions for display. • The browser displays the page by reading these instructions. • The most common display instructions are called HTML tags.

  7. What is HTML? • A markup language - combines text and extra information about the text • An HTML file is a text file containing markup tags • HTML is used to write web pages: • specify the role of different parts of the page • specify the style that should be used when displaying the page

  8. Capabilities of HTML • Content presentation • Structures, e.g. paragraphs, lists, tables, etc. • Decorations, e.g. fonts, images, etc. • Declaration of meta information • e.g. the page title, language, etc. • Link to other pages • i.e. attaching links to components

  9. Capabilities of HTML (cont) • Management of user input • e.g. for searching, making reservations, ordering products • Directions for browsers • e.g. refresh, redirect, caching control, etc.

  10. Disclaimer • HTML is a broad topic. Only a small part of using HTML will be taught. Links to tutorials and resources for learning HTML are available at the end of this presentation. • You can also learn from pages on the web, by using the “View Source” option.

  11. A simple HTML page <html> <head><title>My First HTML Page</title></head> <body><font color=“red”> Hello World Wide Web!</font></body> </html>

  12. A simple HTML page • HTML elements contain text, separated by tags • Generally, tags come in pairs, an opening tag and a closing tag • Tags can have attributes, which have values • enclosed in quotes <html> <head><title>My First HTML Page</title></head> <body><font color=“red”> Hello World Wide Web!</font></body> </html>

  13. Some General Rules • HTML page is surrounded by the html tag • 2 Basic parts: • Head: Consists of things that describe the document (e.g., title – shown on the browser bar) • Body: Consists of the content of the document <html> <head><title>My First HTML Page</title></head> <body><font color=“red”> Hello World Wide Web!</font></body> </html>

  14. Some More General Rules • Tags are not case sensitive (<head>, <HEAD>, <Head> are the same), recommended to use lowercase • Whitespace in an html document is ignored • HTML files should end with .htm or .html • In HTML, there is an exception to almost every rule!

  15. The Head of an HTML Page • The head element contains general information about a document. • The META tag provides information that is relevant to browsers or search engines. • Examples: <META name="Author”content=“Snoopy”> <META name="keywords“ content="HTML, DHTML, CSS, XML, XHTML, JavaScript, VBScript"> <META http-equiv="Expires" content="Tue, 20 Aug 1996 14:25:27 GMT"> <META http-equiv="refresh" content=“5; url=http://www.technion.ac.il/~mynewpage">

  16. The Body of an HTML Page • Headings:<h1>,…,<h6>whereh1is the largest, h6 is the smallest • Paragraphs:<p> (optional closing tag) • Line breaks:<br>(no closing tag) • Horizontal lines:<hr>(no closing tag) • Formatted text: bold<b>, italics<i>,underline<u> • Font colors and styles:<font color = “red” face=“Arial”> • Comments: <!-- This is a comment -->

  17. Another Example <html><head> <title>Example 2</title></head><!-- Here is a comment --> <body> <h1>This is an example of an HTML page</h1> <p>Here is<b>emphasized</b>text and there is also<i>italic</i>text here. <br>Here is a new line</p> <p>Is this<font color=“blue” face=“Arial”>easy</font>?<p><hr>And some parting words... Good Bye </body> </html>

  18. <html><head> <title>Example 2</title></head><!-- Here is a comment --> <body> <h1>This is an example of an HTML page</h1> <p>Here is<b>emphasized</b>text and there is also <i>italic</i>text here. <br>Here is a new line</p> <p>Is this<font color=“blue” face=“Arial”> easy</font>? <p><hr>And some parting words... Good Bye </body> </html>

  19. Lists • Ordered lists:<ol> • Unordered lists:<ul> • List items:<li> (optional closing tag) <ol> <li>Item 1 <li>Item 2 <ul> <li> Inner list item <li> Another one </ul> <li> Item 3 </ol>

  20. Hyperlinks Basic form: <a href = “target-url”>text to be displayed</a> Defining an anchor: <a name = “anchor_name”> text to anchor </a> Examples: • Complete Path <a href = “http://www.google.com”>Google</a> • Relative Path <a href = “assigments/ex1.html”>Exercise 1</a> • Relative Path to Anchor <a href = “assigments/ex1.html#submit”>To Submit</a> When is this useful? When should we use complete paths? When should we use relative paths?

  21. More Hyperlinks • <a href= "mailto:managingwebdata@technion.ac.il">Email</a> • <a href=“telnet://aleph@ram0.huji.ac.il”>Connect to the Library</a>

  22. Images • Adding images to the page can be done using the img tag <img src=“monkey.gif” alt=“Picture of a monkey”> • An image can be used as a link <a href=“monkies.html”><img src=“monkey.gif” alt=“Picture of a monkey”></a> Tells the user what he/she is missing if the browser can’t load images

  23. Entities • There are entities that replace symbols: Space &nbsp;&#160; < &lt;&#60; > &gt; &#62; & &amp; &#38; Why are these entities defined? These characters have a special meaning in HTML, and therefore cannot be used in the text.

  24. Frames

  25. FrameSets • With frames, you can display more than one HTML document in the same browser window • Instead of a “BODY”, the document has a “FRAMESET” element • Size and number of frames is determined by the attributes “COLS” and “ROWS” • Size can be given as a percent (50%) or number of pixels (70) or as “remaining size” (*)

  26. Frames • Within FRAMESET elements, there can be: FRAMESETs, FRAMEs, and NOFRAMEs • The <frame> tag defines what HTML document to put into each frame.A FRAME can have the attributes: • src=“url”: The url to be displayed in the frame • name=”frame_name”: Name, used for targeting • scrolling=“yes|no|auto”: auto is default • In a NOFRAMES element put content for browsers that don’t support frames

  27. Example <html><head><title>Frames Example</title></head> <frameset cols=“20%,*”> <frameset rows=“200,*”> <frame name=“frame1” src=“monkey.gif”> <frame name=“frame2” src=“hello.html”> </frameset> <frame name=“frame3” src=“http://moodle.technion.ac.il/”> <noframes> Here is a description of what you are missing since your browser doesn’t support frames. </noframes> </frameset> </html>

  28. Frames In Browser

  29. Links in Frames • In a link, the TARGET attribute can specify where the new page will be opened: • target=“frame-name”: in the specified frame: <a href ="frame_a.html" target="frame1">Frame a</a> • target=“_self”: in the frame where the link is • target=“_top”: in the same window over the whole screen • target=“_blank”: in a new window of the navigator

  30. The target attribute for <a> tag - Example What will the page look like? <html> <frameset cols="120,*"> <frame src="tryhtml_contents.htm"> <frame src="tryhtml_frame_a.htm" name="showframe"> </frameset> </html> tryhtml_contents.htm: <a href ="tryhtml_frame_a.htm" target ="showframe">Frame a</a><br> <a href ="tryhtml_frame_b.htm" target="showframe">Frame b</a><br> <a href ="tryhtml_frame_c.htm" target ="showframe">Frame c</a>

  31. The target attribute for <a> tag - Example

  32. Inline Frame Example • a frame inside an HTML page <body> <h1>Here are two Web pages:</h1> <p> <iframesrc="http://www.technion.ac.il"height="450"width=“300"> Your browser does not support this object!</iframe> &nbsp; <iframesrc="http://www.google.com"height="450"width="300"> Your browser does not support this object!</iframe> </p> <h2>Do you know these pages?</h2> </body>

  33. Frames are Bad • The web developer must keep track of more HTML documents • Focus is on layout instead of structure • URL doesn’t change when clicking through frames • Not compatible with all browsers What should be done?

  34. Tables <TABLE Border=“1” > <TR> <TD>Dan</TD> <TD>1493</TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Yael</TD> <TD>3829</TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Ofir </TD> <TD>8372</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>Anat</TD> <TD>4827</TD> </TR> </TABLE>

  35. Tables <TABLE border="1"> <CAPTION><EM>A test table with merged cells</EM> </CAPTION> <TR><TH rowspan="2"></TH> <TH colspan="2">Average</TH> <TH rowspan="2">Red<BR>eyes</TH></TR> <TR><TH>height<TH>weight</TR> <TR><TH>Males</TH><TD>1.9</TD> <TD>0.003</TD><TD>40%</TD> <TR><TH>Females</TH><TD>1.7</TD> <TD>0.002</TD><TD>43%</TD></TR> </TABLE>

  36. Forms • A form is an area that can contain form elements. • Form elements (also called widgets) are elements that allow the user to enter information in a form. • Examples: text fields, textarea fields, drop-down menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.

  37. <formmethod="method"action="URL"> </form> HTML with Form Widgets (assignments to form parameters) Forms (cont.) • A form has the following structure: • The method refers to data transfer: getorpost • The action specifies the application that processes the form parameters

  38. Forms (cont.) • Each widget is associated with a parameter (which is the widget’s name), the value of which the user can determine • One of the form widgets is asubmissionbutton • When this button is pressed, all parameter values are sent to URL • Other submission mechanisms can be used • e.g., pressing the "enter" key, choosing an item, etc. GET: form data is encoded (by a browser) into a URL POST: form data appears within a message body.

  39. An Example: Search Google <form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/search"> <p> Type the search term: <input name="q" type="text"> <input type="submit" value="search"> </p> </form>

  40. Input Widgets • for typing letters, numbers, etc. in a form. • Text area: Favorite course: <inputtype="text"name="fcourse"value="DBI"/> • Password area: Password: <inputtype="password"name="pass"size=“5“/>

  41. Checkboxes (Input Widgets cont.) • multiple options can be chosen <inputtype="checkbox"name="incoffee"value="milk"checked="checked"/>milk<br/> <inputtype="checkbox"name="incoffee"value="sugar"/>sugar<br/> <inputtype="checkbox"name="incoffee"value="cocoa"/>cocoa<br/>

  42. Radio Buttons (Input Widgets cont.) • only one option can be chosen Gender: <inputtype="radio"name="gen"value="f"checked="checked"/>female <inputtype="radio"name="gen"value="m“/>male

  43. Menus <form action=""> <selectname="fruit"size="1"> <optionvalue="a">apples</option> <optionvalue="b" selected="selected">bananas</option> </select> </form>

  44. Menus <selectname="vegetable"size="2" multiple="multiple"> <option value="tomato">tomato</option> <option value="cucumber">cucumber</option> <option value=" lettuce">lettuce</option> <option value="carrot">carrot</option> </select>

  45. Text Areas Write a story:<br/> <textareaname="story"rows="3"cols="20">Default text...</textarea>

  46. Form Widgets - Summary • Inputtag, with attributes: • type:text/password/checkbox/radio/submit/reset • name: name of variable that widget defines (not needed for submit and reset widgets) • value:for text/password -> default value for checkbox/radio -> value of the button when checked submit/reset -> label of button • checked:for checkbox/radio -> means checked by default • size:for text/password -> size in characters • maxlength:for text/password -> maximum number of input characters

  47. Form Widgets Example <form method=“get” action="http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~noplace"> Text: <input type="text" name="mytext"> <br> Password: <input type="password" name="mypassword"> <br> Checkbox 1: <input type="checkbox" name="mycheck1" value="1 check" checked="true" > Checkbox 2: <input type="checkbox" name="mycheck2" value="2 check"> <br> Option 1: <input type="radio" name="myradio" value="1 radio"> Option 2: <input type="radio" name="myradio" value="2 radio"><br> <input type = "submit"> <input type = "reset"> </form>

  48. Document Type Definitions • Since there are many standards for HTML, you should specify which one you are using. Put a document type definition (DTD) as the first line of your file (before the html tag) • Validate your page -http://validator.w3.org/checks Web documents for conformance to W3C Recommendations and other standards

  49. Document Type Definitions (cont.) • HTML 4.01 -strict (use with CSS) <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> • HTML 4.01 - transitional (use with presentational attributes) <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> • HTML 4.01 - frameset (when using frames) <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">

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