Partisan Politics

1. Partisan Politics Chapter 4 Section 2

2. Big Idea • Although Washington wanted to remain neutral in the ongoing war between France and Britain, staying out of the conflict was difficult. • In 1800 the United States underwent its first transfer of political power-from the Federalist Party to the Democratic-Republican party.

3. Objective 1: What challenges did Washington face during his presidency. • Objective 2: How did conflict between Republicans and Republicans threaten stability of the nation.

4. Jay’s Treaty • The French and British began fighting • Washington declared the neutrality of the US • Reports indicated the British were inciting Native Americans to attack near the great lakes • To avoid war, Washington sent John Jay to Britain to seek a solution • British did not want to fight the Americans so they agreed to Jay’s Treaty • Britain had right to seize cargo bound for French Ports • British gave up forts in American territory • US – Most favored nation status • British allowed Americans to trade with British colonies in Carribean

5. Pickney’s Treaty • Signing of Jay’s Treaty raised fears in Spain that the British and Americans might conspire to take Spanish territory in North America • Thomas Pickney went to Spain to negotiate • Granted US the right to Navigate the Mississippi and deposit good at the port of New Orleans • Western farmers were elated by the treaty

6. Westward Expansion • Kentucky (1792) and Tennessee (1796) became states. • Other Settlers moved to the Northwest Territory where there were many clashes with American Indians • After several losing battles against American Indians Washington sent General Anthony Wayne • Successfully defeated several tribes at Battle of Fallen Timbers • Native American nations signed the Treaty of Greenville • Agreed to give up part of Ohio and Indiana for a payment of 10,000 per year from gov. • A rapid increase of settlers ensued

7. The Quasi-War with France • After Jay’s Treaty French ships began stopping American ships on on route to Britain and seizing goods • X,Y, Z affair ensued when France asked for a bribe to negotiate • Many Americans called for war • Soon began fighting an undeclared war at sea • Signed a peace convention in 1800

8. Alien and Sedition Acts • Federalists pushed through both acts at the height of anger against France in 1798 • Four Laws • First law – required residence of 14 years before someone could become a citizen • Next two laws gave president power to deport an alien deemed dangerous without a trial. • Fourth law – to prevent rebellion allowed government to arrest individuals who criticized the government • 15 people indicted under this act that year • Republicans led by Jefferson and Madison put the Virginia Resolutions in place based on theory of interposition • Argued that states could oppose federal laws that were unconstitutional. • These laws would be used to defend regional interests

9. The Election of 1800 • Although John Adams hoped to win reelection he faced an uphill battle • Criticism of Federalists: alien and sedition acts angered, new taxes on homes, land, and enslaved Africans • Republicans Campaigned against the national bank, accused Federalist of favoring monarchy • Jefferson vs. Burr resulted in a tie due to the electoral college • Jefferson promised to keep the national bank and thus won the election on the second balloting • Election symbolized that the parties were able to put aside party politics for the good of the country.

10. Objective 1: What challenges did Washington face during his presidency.

11. Objective 2: How did conflict between Republicans and Republicans threaten stability of the nation.