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Moving to the City

Moving to the City. 1860-early 1900’s. Growing Cities. Immigrants found work in the cities Demands for farmers decreased due to better farm equipment – farmers moved to the cities African Americans wanted a “new start” in the northern urban cities. Transportation & Resources.

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Moving to the City

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  1. Moving to the City 1860-early 1900’s

  2. Growing Cities • Immigrants found work in the cities • Demands for farmers decreased due to better farm equipment – farmers moved to the cities • African Americans wanted a “new start” in the northern urban cities

  3. Transportation & Resources • Railroads moved people to the cities & carried materials for industry. • Factories helped cities to grow. (Pittsburgh & eventually B’ham) • Seaports aided in world trade.

  4. Tenement Living • Substandard housing • Apartment building in the slums (poor run-down, urban neighborhood) • Many families shared cold-water tap & toilet http://www.thirteen.org/tenement/index.html

  5. Middle Class • Included doctors, lawyers, ministers, business managers • Middle Class families moved to the suburbs (residential areas that sprang up outside the city) • Lived in houses with hot water, indoor toilets & by 1900 – ELECTRICITY! • Had servants • Enjoyed leisure time

  6. The Gilded Age • Gilded – something covered in gold • “The Gilded Age” – book written by Mark Twain & Charles Dudley Warner – suggested both the extravagant wealth of the time and the extreme poverty that lay underneath • “How the Other Half Lives” – book written by Jacob Riis exposed the tenement housing code abuses.

  7. Upper Class Middle Class Help! Lower Class/Poverty

  8. Cities in Crisis • Overcrowded tenements + sanitation & health problems = diseases • Fires • Crime

  9. Seeking SolutionsTo the Rescue… • YMCA & YWCA – provided recreation centers for the youth • Settlement Houses – provided medical care, playgrounds, nurseries, libraries, English classes, music, and arts & crafts • Most famous settlement house: HULL HOUSE founded by Jane Addams Chicago http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/urbanexp/timeline/timeline.htm

  10. Going UP!!! • Limited space in cities – must build up • Elisha Otis invented elevator • William LeBaron Jenney constructed the world’s first skyscraper in Chicago– 10 stories! • Louis Sullivan was an architect that made skyscrapers works of art.

  11. The Woolworth Building 792 feet & 1 inch tall Tallest Building in the World in 1913! Held the record until 1930 – Chrysler Building took its place. 55 stories – but the stories are so large (11-20ft), it is actually compared to 79 or 80 stories of modern building.

  12. Frederick Law Olmsted's Central Park -- Map 2002 (Frontpage)  (Thumbnails Index Other Artists)  (What's New)  (Refer This Site) Central Park Map 2002Jpg: nycvisit.com/ David Lindroth Inc. (Click on each respective museum to step closer) The Met  Fredrick Law Olmstead wanted to beautify cities. He designed Central Park in NYC, along with many others.

  13. Transportation Improvements • Streetcars were originally pulled by horses. • In 1873, San Francisco built the first cable car. • In 1888, the first trolley car was used in Richmond, Virginia. • The subway was first used in Boston in 1897. • Paved roads began in the 1890’s.

  14. Impressive BridgesBrooklyn Bridge - NYC 1980’s 1915

  15. Eads Bridge Crosses the Mississippi River at St. Louis, MO.

  16. Be the Designer! • Your creativeness has been noticed by the Birmingham City Development Committee! • You’ve been asked to design something that will be attractive and functional. • You may choose a building (hospital, school, courthouse, law offices, etc.), a city park, roadway (280 – ahhhh!), or bridge. • In your notebook, title the page “Improving Birmingham”. • Draw your creation & add color. • Write a paragraph explaining why your creation is needed, how it will be used, and how it will improve Birmingham.

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