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Instrumentation importance, characteristics and case studies

Instrumentation importance, characteristics and case studies. Instrumentation importance, characteristics and case studies. Presented To: Dr. Ing- Naveed Ramzan Presented By: Adnan Ali 2007-Chem-50. Instrumentation importance, characteristics and case studies.

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Instrumentation importance, characteristics and case studies

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  1. Instrumentation importance, characteristics and case studies

  2. Instrumentation importance, characteristics and case studies Presented To: Dr. Ing- Naveed Ramzan Presented By: Adnan Ali 2007-Chem-50

  3. Instrumentation importance, characteristics and case studies The advent and rapid growth of automation in process industry owes to the demand of precise measurement and control. This leads to • economic viability of process • mass production

  4. Importance of Instrumentation • Measurement is an integral way of interaction among humanity and physical world. • It provides us a dependable and reproducible path of quantifying the world in which we live. • Instrumentation is done for the sake of obtaining the required information pertaining to the completion of a process.

  5. Importance of Instrumentation The basic variables need to be measured in a process plant are: • Temperature • Pressure • Level • Flow rate • pH

  6. Importance of Instrumentation Temperature • The temperature control comes from the quality control too. • In some units like plate type distillation column • In chemical reactors

  7. Importance of Instrumentation Pressure: • For the safety of process plant personnel and protection of the vessels, and equipments • Key operations like vapor-liquid equilibrium, chemical reaction rate, and fluid flow • Inferential variable to measure other quantities like level

  8. Importance of Instrumentation Level: • Inventory Management: Continuous supply of materials and for storage • Control: For operations like blending, and mixing and control and stabilization of flow to the next process units. • Alarming: High or low limits and safety shut downs etc. • Data Logging: For data logging and billing purposes

  9. Importance of Instrumentation pH: • It is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of liquids • to measure concentration of solutions inferentially. • As per rules of Environmental Protection Agency the drinking water, wastes or pollutants coming out of a plant should not exceed certain pH level.

  10. Importance of Instrumentation The importance of instrumentation can be summarized as follows: • Production specifications • Product quality • Economics • Operational constraints • Environmental regulations • Safety • Suppressing external influences

  11. Performance Characteristics of Instrumentation These characteristics are broken down into two main categories. • Static characteristics 2. Dynamic characteristics

  12. Static Characteristics The static characteristic of an instrument includes: • Accuracy • Precision • Repeatability • Reproducibility • Tolerance • Range

  13. Static Characteristics g) Span h) Linearity i) Sensitivity j) Threshold k) Resolution l) Drift m) Hysteresis n) Dead Space

  14. Dynamic Characteristics The dynamic characteristics of an instrument describe its behavior between measured quantity changes and the time when the instrument output attains a steady value in response. Such characteristics are: • Speed of response • Fidelity • Lag • Dynamic response

  15. Case Studies

  16. Bitumen storage tank

  17. Case Studies Challenge 1: An asphalt production plant in southwest US have a bitumen storage tank. The costumer had been using a TDR type (Time dependent reflection) instrument but they were not satisfied with the performance. Those instruments were not accurate and several needed replacement when sensor got caught in the mixer and pulled out of the electronics. A combination of delivery temperatures higher than 180 °C (356 °F) and the thick viscous nature of bitumen is problematic.

  18. Municipal irrigation water distribution

  19. Case Studies Challenge 2: Different pumps are used to provide the necessary flow required for the distribution system. As the different pumps or combination of pumps are used, the customer wanted to monitor pump efficiency by monitoring the continuous flow in cubic feet per second (cfs). The customer was considering a magnetic flow meter, but the initial cost for a magnetic flow tube that was large enough was more than they wanted to spend.

  20. Case Studies Challenge 3: An ammonium nitrate fertilizer manufacturer was lacking a pH sensor that offered accurate measurement in high-temperature inline acid and ammonia environments, resulting in under reacted chemicals with lower production yields. The extreme process conditions resulted in limited lifetime for the sensor; which rarely exceeded days or weeks in the reactor and only functioned for up to a month.

  21. PNA 6241/6441-873-10 Inline pH Sensor

  22. References Books Consulted: • Patranabis, D., “Principles of Industrial Instrumentation”, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi, 2nd Ed., Ch.1. • Survey, W., G. and Andrew, H., B., “Applied Instrumentation in Process Industries”, Williams Gulf Publishing Company, Vol. 1, Ed. 2. • Fribance, A., E.,” Industrial Instrumentation Fundamentals”, Mc Graw Hill Inc. • Stephanopoulos, G., “Chemical Process Control- An Introduction to Theory and Practice”, P T R Prantice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. • Morris, S., A., “Measurement and Instrumentation Principle”, Butterworth Heinemann Publishers, Ch. 2, Pg. 16-21, 2001. • Singh, S., K., “Industrial Instrumentation and Control”, Tata Mc Graw Hill Education Private Limited, New Delhi, Ed. 3, 2009.

  23. References Web Links: • http://www.scribd.com/doc/38865900/1st-Lec, retrieved on 13.10.2010 • http://pec.org.pk/sCourse_files/APCS/AppliedProcessControlSystems.pdf, retrieved on 13.10.2010 • http://water.epa.gov/drink/info/index.cfm, retrieved on 10.10.2010 • http://fluidinpipe.com/sensors.html, retrieved on 16.10.2010 • http://www.sea.siemens.com/us/internet-dms/ia/ProcessInstruments/Level/docs_RadarLevel/LR250_Asphalt_Case_Study_SII.pdf, retrieved on 31.10.2010 • http://www.sea.siemens.com/us/internet-dms/ia/ProcessInstruments/Level/docs_UltrasonicLevel/IrrigationSonokit_CaseStudy.pdf, retrieved on 31.10.2010 • http://www.astisensor.com/Case_Study_1.pdf, retrieved on 08.10.2010

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