Chapter 27-WW1

1. Chapter 27-WW1 Setting the Stage

2. World War 1 • Meaning • Great War • War to End all Wars • Began in Europe in 1914 and lasted until 1918

3. 4 main causes of WW1: 1. Militarism • Each country tried to have more weapons then the other • Military gained more power • Everyone prepared for war in Europe: • New Weapons • Warships • Expanding armed forces

4. 2. imperialism • Desire for more land, wealth, and land colonies • Surge of imperialism led to sharp rivalries in Europe. • Germany: only could expand if we take away from others.

5. 3. alliances • Groups of nations organized against each other in an effort to maintain a “balance of power” around the world. • Secret alliances that helped maintain peace for 20 years in Europe lead its creators into War.

6. 4. Nationalism • “Feeling of deep loyalty of one’s country” • Strong nationalistic competition had developed among France, Britain, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Germany. • National unrest within certain European countries with diverse population occurs:

7. Balkan “Powder Keg” • June 28th, 1914: Archduke Ferdinand and wife visit Sarajevo (capital of Bosnia). Bosnia was province of Austria-Hungary had taken over in 1908 (Imperialism). • Ferdinand was next in line to rule Austria-Hungary Empire. • 19 year old Bosnia nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke and wife. • Austria-Hungary believe Serbia government is behind murder and wanted to punish Serbs.

8. Beginning of War: Ultimatum • One party threatens harmful action if the demands it has made are not met. Austro-Hungarian ultimatum: • Serbian govt. must suppress all groups that opposed Austro-Hungarian govt. • Serbia must dismiss school teachers and ban books that did not support Austro-Hungary. • Serbia must dismiss govt. officials who spoke out against Austro-Hungary. • Austro-Hungarian officials must be allowed to participate in trials of those accused of assassination. • Serbia accepted first three terms, not fourth. • Austria-Hungary declared war.

9. Mobilization of Europe • Readying troops for war • August 1, 1914: Germany declared war on Russia • Germany declared war on France two days later • Belgium: was guaranteed neutrality. Belligerents: warring nations • Germany wanted to cross Belgian territory and they did so. • Britain declared war on Germany later that day.

10. Expansion • Later in August, Japan entered the war on the side of Great Britain/France. • Everyone at war except for Italy for 10 months. • Secret treaty with allies: guaranteed share of spoils with Germany defeat • May, 1915: Italy entered the war against Germany and Austria-Hungary • October 1914: Ottoman Empire entered war with Austria-Hungary/Germany • Ottoman Empire: Major control of waterway • Russia’s Black Sea bottled up • Allies had trouble sending supplies • Bulgaria: enter war in 1915 with Germany

11. Europe 1914-1918

12. Ww1 sides: The belligerents Central Powers: • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire • Bulgaria Allied Powers: • France • Great Britain • Russia • Italy • United States (Eventually) • Japan (Eventually)