English for Academic Purposes

1. English for Academic Purposes Lecturer: Miljen Matijašević e-mail: miljen.matijasevic@gmail.com G10, room 6, Tue 11:30-12:30 Session 2, 24 Mar 2014

2. Today’s session Essaycomments Verbformsrevision / Narrative ParaphrasingandSummarising

3. Feedback on theEssays Commonmistakes

4. Commonmistakes • WILL vs. WOULD • WILL for future facts or predictions • Unemploymentwillcontinue to rise inthefollowing period. • WOULD for hypotheticalsituations, such as freehighereducation for all • Studentswouldnothave to work inorder to pay for tuition. Therewouldbelessstress for students. • FormationoftheSecondConditional • Ifhigheducation is / was / willbe / were / wouldbefree, therewillbe / wouldbetoomanystudents. • Ifhigheducation WERE free, there WOULD BE toomanystudents. • Useof modal verbs • Modals MAY and MIGHT remove thenecessityofusingthe word ‘maybe’ • Ifhigheducationwerefree, some studentsmaybewillenrolonly to avoidworking. • Ifhigheducationwerefree, some studentsmightenrolonly to avoidworking.

5. Commonmistakes • Countableanduncountablenouns (less!) • Less + uncountablenoun (less money) • Fewer + countablenoun (fewerproblems) • Contractedforms (isn’t, I’ll, won’t, wouldn’t, etc.) • Unacceptableinformalwriting – use fullformsinstead (is not, I will/shall, willnot, wouldnotetc.) • Inappropriatechoiceofwords (style or register) • prosandcons, stuff, kids, etc. • Advantagesanddisadvantages, argumentsinfavour / against, benefitsanddrawbacks, etc. • stuff – things, activities, interests, etc.

6. Commonmistakes • Enumeratingarguments • First, second, third, etc. - informal • Firstly, secondly, thirdly, etc. – formal (better!) • Firstly, then, inaddition, also, etc. • Presentingopposingarguments • On one side – on theother side • On the one hand – on theotherhand • / - On theotherhand, conversely (notonthecontrary!!), however, etc.

7. Commonlymisusedwords • No matter / regardless • No matter how muchtheyearn • Regardlessoftheirincome • Available vs. accessible • Available (or not), widelyavailable • More or lessaccessible • Studentsrights vs. Benefits • Rights – more a legal term • Highereducation – highlyeducatedpeople • Peoplewithuniversitydegrees / universityeducation

8. Commonlymisusedwords • Topic / theme / issue / problem / proposal • Avoidingmarkedwords • Poorpeople, thepoor • Financiallydisadvantaged, peoplewithlowerincome • Stressedout / relieved / relievethestress • Reducethelevelofstress

9. Makethesesentencesbetter • There’s a lotofpeople who wanted to studysomethingandbehigheducated but theycouldn’t becausetheycouldn’tafford it, sointhatwayfreehighereducation for all wouldbegood. • There are a lotofpeople who want to get a universityeducation but cannotafford it. For thisreason, freehighereducationfor all wouldbe a goodidea. • Argumentsthatgoinfavour are more highereducatedpeoplewhichcould led to higher life standardsandlesspoorpeople. • An argument infavour is thathaving more peoplewithuniversityeducationcould/mightlead to a higher standard oflivingandlesspoverty.

10. Makethesesentencesbetter • Also, more peoplewillhave a chance to studybecauseofavailabilityofhighereducation. • Also, more peoplewouldhave a chance to studybecauseofaccessibilityofhighereducation. • Also, maybe some peoplewillgo to collegejusttoget student rights like health insurance. • Inaddition, some peoplemightgo to/enrolincollegeonlytoobtain student benefits, such as health insurance.

11. Makethesesentencesbetter • Also, good side offreehighereducation is thatwillmaybehelp to increase a socialmobility. • Anotherbenefitoffreehighereducation is that it mighthelpincreasesocialmobility. • Everybody are pointingouteasier access to highereducation, no matteroftheirincomes, as an pro. • Everybody is pointingout (thebenefitof) easier access to highereducation for all, regardlessoftheirincome (as an argument infavour).

12. Verbformsrevision Narrative

13. Verbforms

14. Verbforms THE PASSIVE E.g. She is respectedby her students. I havebeenasked to tellyoumystory. Educationshouldbepaidbythegovernment.

15. Verbforms MODAL VERBS E.g. You may have heard about this issue. The authorities should be solving this problem as we speak.

16. Verbforms – practice I ___________ (be) interested in public speaking for a number of years, and I __________ (consider) by my friends to be quite a good speaker. A few days ago, I __________ (ask) a friend to take me to a public debate. For two whole days, I __________ (look) forward to it. Unfortunately, while I _________ (drive) to the club, my car ___________ (break down), and I __________ (must) take a taxi. I __________ (arrive) just as the chairman __________ (open) the meeting. I __________ (apologize), and at the end of the evening, explained to the chairman what _________ (happen.)

17. Verbforms – practice I HAVE BEEN interested in public speaking for a number of years, and I AM CONSIDERED by my friends to be quite a good speaker. A few days ago, I ASKED a friend to take me to a public debate. For two whole days, I HAD BEEN LOOKING forward to it. Unfortunately, while I WAS DRIVING to the club, my car BROKE DOWN, and I HAD TO take a taxi. I ARRIVED just as the chairman WAS OPENING the meeting. I APOLOGIZED, and at the end of the evening, explained to the chairman what HAD HAPPENED. • What past tenses were used in thisstory?

18. ParaphrasingandSummarising Narrative

19. Narrative • Fillthegapsinthetextaboutthe United Nations. Discusstheverbforms • Fillthegapsinthetext ‘Visitingtheelderlycould save lives, saycampaigners’. Discuss alternative solutions.

20. Paraphrasing and Summarising • Why is it important to be able to paraphrase and summarise? • Paraphrasing canbe done in several ways: • by changing the vocabulary • by changing the verb form (active to passive) • by changing the word class • by synthesis • Stage 1 exercises