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Inside the Computer Case: Processors, Memory & More

This chapter explores the components inside a computer case, including processors, memory, and adapters. Learn about CPUs, memory storage, data representation, and ports and connections. Discover how these elements work together to make your computer function.

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Inside the Computer Case: Processors, Memory & More

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  1. Objectives Overview Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 See Page 248 for Detailed Objectives

  2. Objectives Overview Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 See Page 248 for Detailed Objectives

  3. Inside the Case • The case contains and protects the electronics of the computer or mobile device from damage Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 248 Figure 6-1

  4. Inside the Case Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 250 Figure 6-2

  5. Inside the Case • The motherboardis the main circuit board of the computer • A computer chipcontains integrated circuits Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Pages 250 - 251 Figure 6-3

  6. Processors • The processor, also called the central processing unit(CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer • Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) • A multi-core processor is a single chip with two or more separate processor cores Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Pages 252 - 253

  7. Processors Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 253 Figure 6-4

  8. Processors • The control unitis the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer • The arithmetic logic unit(ALU) performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 253

  9. Processors • For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of four basic operations, which comprise a machine cycle Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 254 Figure 6-5

  10. Processors Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 255

  11. Processors • The leading manufacturers of personal computer processor chips are Intel and AMD Page 255 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6

  12. Processors • A processor chip generates heat that could cause the chip to malfunction or fail • Require additional cooling • Heat sinks • Liquid cooling technology • Cooling mats Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Pages 256 - 257 Figures 6-6 – 6-7

  13. Cloud Computing • Home and business users choose cloud computing for a variety of reasons Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 257

  14. Data Representation Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 259

  15. Data Representation The circuitry in a computer or mobile device represents the on or the off states electronically by the presence or absence of an electronic charge Eight bits grouped together as a unit are called a byte. A byte represents a single character in the computer or mobile device Pages 259 - 260 Figures 6-8 – 6-9 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6

  16. Data Representation Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 260 Figure 6-10

  17. Memory • Memoryconsists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data • Stores three basic categories of items: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 261

  18. Memory • Each location in memory has an address • Memory size commonly is measured in gigabytes (GB) or terabytes (TB) Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 261 Figure 6-11

  19. Memory • The system unit contains two types of memory: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 262

  20. Memory Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 262 Figure 6-12

  21. Memory • Two common types of RAM chips exist: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 263 Table 6-1

  22. Memory • RAM chips usually reside on a memory moduleand are inserted into memory slots Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 263 Figure 6-13

  23. Memory • Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 265 Figure 6-14

  24. Memory Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 265

  25. Memory • Flash memorycan be erased electronically and rewritten • CMOStechnology provides high speeds and consumes little power Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Pages 266 - 267

  26. Memory • Access timeis the amount of time it takes the processor to read from memory • Measured in nanoseconds Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 267 Table 6-2 and Figure 6-15

  27. Adapters • An adapter cardenhances functions of a component of a desktop or server system unit and/or provides connections to peripherals • Sound card and graphics card • An expansion slotis a socket on a desktop or server motherboard that can hold an adapter card Page 269 Table 6-3 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6

  28. Adapters • With Plug and Play, the computer automatically can recognize peripheral devices as you install them Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 269 Figure 6-16

  29. Adapters • Adapters for mobile computers are in the form of a removable flash memory device • USB adapter • ExpressCard module Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 269 Figures 6-17 – 6-18

  30. Ports and Connections • A portis the point at which a peripheral device attaches to or communicates with a computer or mobile device so that the peripheral device can send data to or receive information from the computer or mobile device Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 129 Figure 3-23

  31. Ports and Connections • A connectorjoins a cable to a port. A connector at one end of a cable attaches to a port on the computer or mobile device, and a connector at the other end of the cable attaches to a port on the peripheral device Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 130

  32. Ports and Connections Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 130 Table 3-4

  33. Ports and Connections • A USB port, short for universal serial bus port, can connect up to 127 different peripheral devices together with a single connector • Instead of connecting peripheral devices directly to ports on a mobile computer, some mobile users prefer the flexibility of port replicators and docking stations Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 131

  34. Ports and Connections Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Page 132 Figure 3-24

  35. Ports and Connections • Instead of connecting computers and mobile devices to peripheral devices with a cable, some peripheral devices use wireless communicationstechnologies Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 3 Pages 132 - 133

  36. Buses • A busallows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with each other • Data bus • Address bus • Word sizeis the number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time Pages 270 - 271 Figure 6-19 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6

  37. Buses • A computer might have these three types of buses: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 Page 271

  38. Power Supply and Battery • The power supplyor laptop AC adapter converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power Page 271 Figure 6-20 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6

  39. Power Supply and Battery • Mobile computers and devices can run using either a power supply or batteries • Batteries typically are rechargeable lithium-ion batteries Discovering Computers: Chapter 6 Page 272 Figure 6-21

  40. Summary Discovering Computers: Chapter 6 Page 275

  41. Chapter 6 Complete

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