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Human digestion

Human digestion. Human digestive system (General plan). Accessory digestive organs. Sites of digestion. Polysaccharides (starch, glycogen). Disaccharides (sucrose, lactose). Salivary amylase. Smaller polysaccharides, maltose. Proteins. Polysaccharides. Pepsin. Pancreatic amylase.

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Human digestion

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  1. Human digestion

  2. Human digestive system (General plan) Accessory digestive organs

  3. Sites of digestion Polysaccharides (starch, glycogen) Disaccharides (sucrose, lactose) Salivary amylase Smaller polysaccharides, maltose Proteins Polysaccharides Pepsin Pancreatic amylase Small polypeptides Maltose and other disaccharides Pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin DNA, RNA Fat globules Pancreatic nucleases Bile salts Disaccharidases Fat droplets Smaller polypeptides Nucleotides Pancreatic lipase Glycerol, fatty acids, glycerides Monosaccharides Nucleotidases Small peptides Nucleosides Dipeptidases, carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase Nucleosidases, phosphatases Nitrogenous bases, sugars, phosphates Amino acids

  4. Composition of the adult human body

  5. Digestion in the Mouth • Salivary glands • Produce saliva • Mostly water • Some enzymes • Salivary amylase • Lysozyme • Mucus or mucin • Teeth

  6. Swallowing: from mouth to stomach

  7. Digestion in the Stomach • Muscular sac • Churns & mixes food • Gastric glands • Parietal cells HCl, intrinsic factor • Goblet cells  mucus • Chief cells  pepsinogen, weak gastric lipase • Gastrin • Hormone • Controls gastric juices • Comes out as chyme (2-6 hours)

  8. Liver • Secretes bile (stored in gall bladder) • Emulsifies fats Gallbladder • Stores, concentrates, and releases bile into duodenum • Stimulated by the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK)

  9. Pancreas • Exocrine function • Acinar cells secrete pancreatic juice • Amylase • Lipase • Trypsin • Chymotrypsin • Carboxypeptidase • Nuclease • NaHCO3- • Secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK)fr intestinal wall stimulates PJ production

  10. Chemical digestion in the duodenum (con’t.)

  11. Absorption in the small intestine

  12. Reabsorption and elimination in the large intestine • Areas of the colon • Cecum • Rectum • Anus • Absorption of water and electrolytes • Concentration & elimination of solids • Home for bacteria that produce biotin, folic acid, vitamin K, several B-vitamins, gases

  13. Hormones coordinate secretion of digestive juices

  14. Liver Entero- gastrone Gall- bladder Gastrin CCK Stomach Pancreas Secretin Duodenum CCK Key Stimulation Inhibition

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