Introduction

1. Sea Power & Maritime Affairs Introduction Course Overview

2. Today’s Objectives • Introductions • Explain course structure • Define course • Set context for US naval history • Birth of navies • Evolution of technology, strategy & tactics • Important events in naval history • Antiquity to American Revolution

3. Who am I?

4. LT XXXX • [insert biographic info]

5. Who are you? • Name • School • Major • Career aspirations • Knowledge of naval history (1=nothing, 10=expert) • Enjoyment of naval history (1=no at all, 10=my favorite topic) • What you hope to learn

6. Course Structure *Proofreads due two weeks before paper due date

7. Grading Graded Item Percentage Participation 10% Paper I 10% Paper II 10% Class Presentations 10% Quizzes 15% Midterm 20% Final 25%

8. Grading • Exact number & above • No rounding • i.e. 92.999=A-

9. Dates

10. Rules • Uniforms • Food & Drink • Head policy • Cell phones • Laptops • Sleeping • Unexcused absences • Late assignments

11. Books • Hagan, Kenneth J. and Michael T. McMaster, eds. In Peace and War: Interpretations of American Naval History. 30th Anniversary ed. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2008. • Symonds, Craig L. The Naval Institute Historical Atlas of the U.S. Navy. Annapolis, MD: The Naval Institute, 2001.

12. www.navalseapower.com Students Sign Up

13. Syllabus 1 Introduction 1 2 The American Revolution, 1775-1783: Competing Naval Strategies 3 The U.S. Navy in the Napoleonic Era, 1783-1815 4 The U.S. Navy, 1815-1860: Power Projection and Technological Revolution 5 The Civil War, 1861-1865: Two American Navies 6 Developments of Naval Technology and Strategy, 1865-1890 7 The Dawning of the Age of Mahan, 1890-1898 8 The U.S. Navy and American Imperialism, 1898-1914 9 The U.S. Navy and World War I, 1914-1918 10 U.S. Naval Strategy and National Policy, 1919-1941 11 World War II: The U.S. Navy in North Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Atlantic, 1941-1945 12 World War II: The U.S. Navy in the Pacific, 1941-1945 13 The U.S. Navy in the Early Cold War, 1945-1953 14 The U.S. Navy in the Strategy of Containment, 1953-1963 15 The U.S. Navy, Vietnam and Limited War, 1964-1975 16 The Era of Retrenchment: Presidents Ford and Carter, 1974-1980 17 The U.S. Navy from the Maritime Strategy to “9/11,” 1981-2001 18 The U.S. Navy since 2001

14. Questions? • Insert video

15. Why learn US maritime history?

16. Why learn US maritime history? • Professional Core Competencies (PCCs) • Know the significant events of U.S. naval history. • Comprehend the historical evolution of sea power and its effects on world history. • Know the fundamental national interests of the U.S. and potential adversaries. • Know the effect the evolution of third world countries and the development of international terrorist movements have had on the interests, policies, and strategies of the U.S. • Heritage • “Those who forget history are doomed to repeat it.”

17. Why learn US maritime history? • Perspective on today’s international tensions. • 3/4 of planet is covered by water • 90% of worlds commerce travels by sea • Majority of population lives by oceans

18. 8 Key Themes Reference Handout

19. Theme #1 • Navy as an instrument of foreign policy

20. Theme #2 • Interaction between Congress and Navy • Funding is critical from beginning • Congressional attitudes toward size and composition of fleet

21. Theme #3 • Interservice relations • Historic cooperation • Navy and USMC • Historic rivalries • Navy – Army – Air Force • USMC-Army • General reluctance to cooperate • Modern push toward “Jointness”

22. Theme #4 • Technology • Categories: • hull, armor, ordnance, propulsion, smart weapons • Alternate categories: • surface, subsurface, air, space, communications, SIGINT • Relationship between technology, strategy, and tactics

23. Theme #5 • Leadership • Combat leaders • Strategists • Administrators • Training & Education • What makes a leader great?

24. Theme #6 • Strategy & Tactics • Strategy • Formation of military objectives to achieve goals of national policy • Guerre de Course, Guerre de Escadre, Mahan, Island Hopping, etc. • Tactics • Techniques for using weapons and units in combat in pursuit of strategic objectives • “The Line,” ramming, “wolf-pack”, dive-bombing, etc. • Interaction between strategy, tactics, and other themes

25. Theme #7 • Evolution of US Naval Doctrine • Guerre de course • Alfred Thayer Mahan • Sir Julian Corbett • Modern doctrine • Limited war • Military Ops Other Than War (MOOTW) • Anti-terrorism • Smart war

26. Theme #8 • Future missions of Navy and USMC • Continuing threats: Russia, China • “Rogue state” threats: North Korea, Iran • Third-world nations: Africa, Southeast Asia • Nation-building: Middle East • Humanitarian Assistance: Caribbean, Southeast Asia, Africa

27. Definitions Reference

28. Definitions Strategy • Formulation of military objectives to achieve the goals of national policy. Tactics • Techniques for using weapons and units in combat in pursuit of strategic objectives Examples?

29. Definitions Guerre de Escadre • “Battles between fleets.” Naval battles between combatant ships or fleets. Guerre de Course • “War of the chase.” Attacking enemy’s merchant shipping to disrupt enemy logistics on the seas. Examples?

30. Definitions Piracy • Act of robbery or criminal violence at sea. Privateer • A ship authorized by government to attack and capture enemy vessels. Examples?

31. Definitions Letters of Marque and Reprisal • An official commission granted by a government to a private individual, to take the property of a foreign state, or of the citizens or subjects of such state. Commerce Raiding • War against enemy commerce. Includes raiding committed by privateers or naval warships. Examples?

32. Definitions Power Projection • The capacity of a state to intimidate other nations by means of force in an areas distant from its own territory. Showing the Flag • Ship identifying itself by flag to establish an authoritative presence or exert diplomatic or political influence. Examples?

33. Definitions Preventative War • War initiated to prevent another party from attacking, when an attack by that party is not imminent or known to be planned. Strike to keep enemy weak. Pre-emptive War • War initiated to repel or defeat an offensive or invasion that is perceived to be imminent. Strike before enemy can. Examples?

34. Definitions Deterrence • Strategy where a state uses threat of reprisal to preclude an attack from an adversary. Military Operations Other Than War (MOOW) • Focus on deterring war, resolving conflict, promoting peace, and supporting civil authorities in response to domestic crises. Examples?

35. Definitions Guerilla Warfare • Irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants use ambushes, sabotage, raids, hit-and-runs, etc. to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional army. Unconventional Warfare • Activities conducted to enable a resistance movement to coerce, disrupt or overthrow an occupying power or government by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary and guerrilla force in a denied area. Examples?

36. Definitions Limited War • A conflict in which the belligerents participating in the war do not expend all of each of the participants’ available resources. Non-Linear Warfare • “Multi-linear Warfare.” Combat operations without the traditional lines drawn on the map, such as the forward line of own troops. Examples?

37. Definitions Amphibious Warfare • Offensive military operation using naval ships to project ground and air power onto enemy shore. Littoral Warfare • Operations in and around the shore line. Examples?

38. Definitions Force Composition • The makeup of a nation’s military force (i.e. number and types of ships). Capital Ship • Most powerful or important ship in a navy. Generally possess heaviest firepower. Examples?

39. Oh by the way “Navy” = Naval Service (Navy + Marine Corps)

40. Review • Class administration • Core Competencies • 8 Key Themes • Definitions

41. Next Class • [quizzes? Reading assignment? etc)]